Ptlls T1

Name: Caroline RandallDate: 06-03-13 PTLLS Describe what your role, responsibilities and relationships would be as a teacher in terms of the teaching/training cycle T1 unit 1 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 Unit 2 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 Unit 3 3. 1 3. 2 I am working as a tutor, within a catering department, at a specialist Autistic school for learners from age 5- 22. I am currently teaching entry 3 to level 1 City and Guilds NVQ in Hospitality and Catering and level 2 City and Guilds professional Cookery.My role is to teach the students within the classroom environment this involves all aspects of teaching, including all cross curricular subjects, planning, schemes of work, assessing, making resources, preparing sessions, food ordering. We work as a close team, involving the whole catering department. I work closely alongside the students helping them to understand and practise safe cooking methods and procedures within their qualification.The vocational area of catering also has a range of other subjec ts mapped into the scheme of learning, I include this within the scheme of learning as well as supporting, advising guiding, reading, comprehension, mathematical work, ESD, PLTS, Reflection, I have to model appropriate behaviour and conduct within our working environments, allowing the students to be nurtured and grow within their roles.This includes using appropriate language, body language, eye contact, team work, appropriate discussions with colleagues, listening to others, respect for others, giving clear defined instructions, limiting language- as per each individuals needs, exceptional behaviour points-these are set where age appropriate at the beginning of each session.We use a 3 point behaviour system where students receive 1 point for attending the session, 1 point for meeting their exceptional behaviour point (this could be listen to staff, stay on task) and 1 point for staying on task and completing their work, following the â€Å"golden expectations at Heathermount† these are displayed in every classroom, so we are working from the same rules and expectations. These are discussed at the start of every session- â€Å"school is for learning. Learning is important for a good future. 1. Students and staff will be on time for all sessions. Students and staff will have the right equipment. . Students are expected to go to all of their sessions and take part. 3. Staff will make sure the work students are given meets their needs and strengths. 4. Everyone in Heathermount will be safe and treated with respect. There will be no physical violence. There will be no racism. 5. Everyone will be polite and kind at Heathermount. Remember: make the right choices for your future. I am also a qualified assessor, assessing within their work setting at the required standards, giving positive, constructive criticism if needed. Designing action plans to enable their achievement.Professionalism requires us to maintain appropriate standards and fulfil our responsib ilities to learners, institutions and colleagues. This is achieved by setting professional and personal boundaries which will enable us to be clear about what our limits are and what our professional role involves. It is our responsibility to identify areas outside of the professional boundaries of a teacher, either because of lack of necessary skills or expertise or because it is inappropriate for the teacher to deal with it. This is when external support from other professionals will be required.At Heathermount we work with multiple outside agencies these include: occupation therapists (OT), Speech and Language therapist SALTS, Education psychologists, literacy specialists, Team around the Child (TAC) team around the family (TAF) Internal Quality Assurance practitioners, External assessors, External Consultants, Connexions. Depending on the individual student we may link with. The OT, to improve our students well being, this may include completing exercises and massage with our st udents. I can only help our students once we have been shown by the OT, if the OT has not had time, we are unable to aid the student with this.SALTS work individually and in groups with our students. Each student has a plan from the SALT’s. This means that we as staff need to monitor and assist with this work; i can only work within what I have been shown to do by the SALT’s, as i am not trained in this area. The Education psychologist is a regular visitor to school and helps us as a team with regards to behaviours and well being of our students. The external literacy advisor, who visits Heathermount currently, attends a staff meeting once per week. This is a lengthy staff meeting. TAC and TAF- senior management often attend these meetings with our assistant psychologist.Information that can be passed on this is then passed onto staff at our weekly meetings. This can mean certain students need more attention and time/ observing. We can only help with information that h as been allowed to be passed on and is not confidential. Internal Quality Assurance Practitioners, independent assessors and external consultants- As a Qualified assessor we work closely alongside other professionals. Connexions- this can cause a student to be extremely upset if they realise that they cannot reach their aims and goals. Connexions alongside staff and parents make a realistic learning pathway for the future.Working with all external professionals often can create additional work, reports, actions and tasks for staff at Heathermount. This will always lead to staff needing to be clear to remove the barriers that can easily be formed. * Clear objectives / appropriate deadlines * Additional Time * Additional support to colleagues * Relevant support for students * Real reflection time for self * Ability to access time out! Our learners often show barriers, these may be caused by their disabilities or personality traits. This can lead to a variety of detrimental effects to varying degrees on the running of the class, * disruptive behaviour, non compliance, * refusal, * attitudes to learning, * close down, * Sensory issues, including smell. As we work in a catering environment an initial assessment needs to be produced, is it appropriate, is this the vocational area selected by the students, any issues we need to be aware of, how we can overcome this, how we can phase in if appropriate without these initial questions it could lead to a learner from not achieving. If this information isn’t shared with all relevant staff also this can create issue. It will also stop failure of relationship with staff and other students.As I am a part of a team, there is often staff movement to cover different areas, students, behaviours. This often involves a switch of staff and lead roles with other teachers and the teaching assistants. To ensure a smooth process, clear, honest direct communication is essential. We are all aware of each of our individual students ’ needs, as these are covered in our weekly staff reviews; we also use our internal email system to relate any issues that may occur. We have a daily briefing to communicate the day’s activities and any changes. This means we have to be flexible and work alongside any staff member at any time.We have an internal ordering system where we work alongside the admin team to receive orders. When we go on external trips with the students we have to work with the bursar, so we can collect any money needed for the trip. This entails getting a petty cash slip, which we have to put the amount of money we want, it is then signed off by management and given to the bursar to collect the money for the trip. We also have a purchase order system for larger items, which works the same way. Therefore we need to have a good working relationship with all colleagues to achieve our expectations within teaching.Each student has an individual profile that is readily available on our x drive wh ich we refer to, for all of their most important information. Appendix Student profile – exemplar Appendix EV’s-exemplar This enables staff (especially agency and visitors who are unfamiliar) to get a general overview of the student and their specific needs. These are kept in all teaching files and contain a picture of the child on them, so we can refer to them for planning and goal setting. The teacher’s role is accountable to many areas; I must meet school requirements as well as local authority and government requirements. Registers * Pupils Records * Annual reviews * Safeguarding * Health and Safety * OFSTED * Disability Act * Codes of conducts Registers Even though I am not personally accountable for the registers I have to ensure that I contribute the relevant information that is required on a regular basis as required by the school procedures. www. education. gov. uk 1. All schools must keep two registers of pupils. The admissions register, which records the personal details of every pupil at the school, and the attendance register which records every pupil’s attendance at every session the school is open to pupils. 2.The contents and maintenance of the school registers is governed by the Education (Pupil Registration) (England) Regulations 2006 (Statutory Instrument 2006/1751) and can be viewed on the Ministry of Justice database at www. statutelaw. gov. uk or on the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) website at www. dcsf. gov. uk/schoolattendance. The regulations took effect on 1 September 2006. 3. This guidance is designed to help schools and local authorities apply the pupil registration regulations and make links between issues around school registers and wider education and children’s services issues.It is also designed to help parents, pupils and others to understand the processes and legislation around pupil registration. 4. The guidance is not a substitute for the Education (Pupil Registratio n) (England) Regulations 2006 or other legislation; nor is it a substitute for guidance on other areas of attendance, education and child welfare. It should not be read in isolation from such legislation and guidance. Admissions Register The Admissions Register records valuable information about pupils at the school, including emergency contact details. The details that must be recorded in the Admissions Register are outlined below.It does not include details about the pupils’ attendance, or the subjects that they are studying or other pupil information. Pupils’ Information Schools must record the details of every pupil at the school in the admissions register. This includes pupils who are attending the school on a temporary basis e. g. travellers’ children, children who are accessing facilities not available at their normal school and â€Å"guest pupils†. The register must include the following information for every pupil: a. the pupil’s full name ; b. the pupil’s gender; c. the pupil’s date of birth; d. the date the pupil was admitted to the school; . the name of the school the pupil last attended; and f. where applicable, a statement that the pupil is a boarder. Parents and Carers In addition to the above information schools must also record the following for each pupil: a. the name and address of every parent and carer of the pupil that is known to the school; b. which of these parents and carers the pupil normally lives with; and c. emergency contact details of the parents and carers. However, some schools record additional details such as dates of birth and mother’s maiden name which they can use in security checks when parents contact the school.Schools may also keep additional information about parents which will ease communications with them. For example, it is useful to know that parents have a hearing impairment which prevents them using a telephone or record email addresses. Attendance Register There is a strong statistical link between attendance and attainment; schools with high attendance levels tend to have high levels of attainment at all key stages but those with low attendance levels tend to have low attainment levels.The attendance register is therefore an important tool in the work of schools to drive up standards and pupils’ attainment. It helps them to identify pupils who might need extra support to catch up lessons they may have missed along with action to tackle poor attendance. Schools must take the attendance register at the start of each morning session and during each afternoon session that they are open (see paragraph 11). On each occasion they must record whether every pupil was: a. present; b. absent; c. present at approved educational activity; or . unable to attend due to exceptional circumstances. They must also record whether the absence of a compulsory school-age pupil was authorised or not. There is no requirement to authorise/unauthorised absence of non-compulsory school-age pupils but schools can still use the national attendance and absence codes to help them identify/monitor vulnerable children. The Annual Review – Guidelines for Schools www. ace-ed. org. uk Introduction The school must have a copy of the statement of special educational needs.The statement consists of the statement cover and all the appendices. The statement and any previous reviews must be available to all those who work with the child in order to inform the individual education plan (IEP). The IEP should be updated when the annual review is completed and new targets set and reviewed at least termly. These guidelines provide specific advice and guidance to schools and independent non-maintained schools which provide placements for children with Statements of Special Educational Needs. Purpose of the Annual ReviewThe annual review should aim: To assess the child’s progress towards meeting the long term objectives specified in the s tatement and to collate and record information that the school and other professionals can use in planning their support for the child In the case of the first annual review, to assess the child’s progress towards meeting the targets agreed and recorded in the IEP’s following the making of the statement; and in the case of all other annual reviews to assess progress towards the targets in the IEP’s set at the previous reviewTo review the special provision made for the child, including the appropriateness of any special equipment provided, in the context of the National Curriculum and associated assessment and reporting arrangements. Where appropriate, the school should consider providing a profile of the child’s current levels of attainment in basic literacy, numeracy and life skills for pupils being assessed with P – levels, and English, Maths and Science for pupils under National Curriculum level 1, and a summary of progress achieved in other are as of the curriculum, including the National Curriculum.At Heathermount we use B Squared and CASPA are data programmes which we use to record the students’ achievements and progress academically. The B squared is updated by all teaching staff, a minimum of once per term. This is then merged into CASPA, which shows the students full progress within the school and nationally within the National Curriculum. This is kept within our central records. This enables us to work on the areas needed to bring the student up to the national curriculum level within each subject. We can access this at any time. This is used in core subjects alongside the national curriculum.Where the statement involves a Modification or dis-application of the National Curriculum, the school should indicate what special arrangements have been made for the child to consider the continuing appropriateness of the statement in the light of the child’s performance during the previous year, any additional sp ecial educational needs which may have become apparent in that time and any needs that have been met and are no longer an issue, and thus to consider whether to cease to maintain the statement or whether to make any amendments, including any further modifications or dis-application of the National Curriculum, and if the statement is to be maintained, to set new targets for the coming year; progress towards those targets can be considered at the next review. Objectives and Targets For practical purposes generally the following distinction is made: Long term objectives: the overall objectives set for the child’s progress for the duration of the statement * annual objectives: the medium term objectives set for the year * Targets: (SMART) specific short term targets related to the established long term objectives and annual objectives will appear in the IEP which should be reviewed on at least a termly basis. The Timing of the Annual Review The annual review process must be compl eted within one year of the date of the final statement and within each twelve months thereafter. The process is not complete until the Local Authority (LA) has circulated its recommendations; this can be up to six weeks after the annual review meeting is held.The annual review can be brought forward and this is sometimes helpful or necessary to: a) Bring the annual review meeting in line with the school’s other arrangements for reporting to parent(s)/carer(s) b) Spread annual reviews evenly over the year where there are many children with statements c) Deal with annual reviews at a single point of the school year where there are only a few children with a statement d) Reflect the circumstances of the child and the need for early decisions to be made regarding transfer between phases e) Enable the LA to respond to an exceptional change in circumstances. If the annual review is to be brought forward, the parent(s)/carer(s) should be consulted and the SEN Team informed. Ideally , arrangements for bringing dates forward should be made at the beginning of the academic year. The annual review cannot legally be delayed for over 1 year from the date of the statement or the date the LA issued recommendations from the previous review. Each school must produce a range of policies which formally set out the guidelines and procedures for ensuring equality. Health and SafetyWorking within the catering department, the training kitchen and the main kitchen for the school we all follow the required Health and Safety regulations, wear the advised PPE. Some of the basic risks for my allocated areas are: * Prevent contamination and you reduce or even eliminate the slip risk. * Avoid spillage and leakage onto the floor. * Most slip injuries happen on wet floors, so clean up spills immediately. * Dry floors after wet cleaning, e. g. after mopping. * Selecting and using the most appropriate footwear for the work environment can reduce the slip risk. Data from reported acciden ts reveals the priority areas for accident prevention in the industry are slips, trips, handling, cuts and exposure to hot and harmful substances.As staff we have completed PPE (personal and protective equipment), COSHH (control of substances hazardous to health) and HACCUP (hazards and analysis and critical control points) food hygiene course. This enables staff to be aware of risks within the catering environment and help to prevent them. We all have completed risk assessments in our rooms and we take precautions by locking unsafe equipment away, making sure students have the correct training when using this equipment. A full uniform is worn by students, which covers PPE regulations. Safety of students and staff is paramount and the management team try to minimalise the risks at all times, making sure we are adequately staffed. We follow the safety rules showing students how we expect tasks to be completed safely and appropriately.We discuss things as a group, not highlighting ind ividual mistakes. http://www. hse. gov. uk/risk/index. htm http://www. hse. gov. uk/risk/classroom-checklist. htm http://www. hse. gov. uk/risk/principles. htm By working in the catering department, I am fully aware of career inspirations and progression that our students would want to take. As part of this role I have to ensure with the catering team, that we have a real life work environment that supports the transition of our students into work placements and further along the line – work! With the current working statistics, this is going to be hard for anyone, so our students have to work at times twice as hard to prove their occupational competence.At this time we are expanding the opportunities within our department by outside catering, working in the main kitchen, mentoring younger students and work placements at various locations. The catering department are therefore working with our local community to enable the opportunities to expand. This includes community cent res, schools, colleges, banks, major stores and small businesses. Appendix – Room risk Assessment Appendix – Equipment risk assessment Appendix- lost child procedure What is safeguarding? It might be difficult to accept, but every child can be hurt, put at risk of harm or abused, regardless of their age, gender, religion or ethnicity. Safeguarding legislation and government guidance says that safeguarding means: * protecting children from maltreatment preventing impairment of children’s health or development * Ensuring that children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care. And â€Å"undertaking that role so as to enable those children to have optimum life chances and to enter adulthood successfully. † http://www. safenetwork. org. uk/getting_started/Pages/Why_does_safeguarding_matter. aspx We report and write a report of any safe guarding issues to our designated senior leadership team member. She then deal s with this, as it is confidential. Phone calls Appendix – Incident report from Ofsted is the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills. They report directly to Parliament and are independent and impartial.They inspect and regulate services which care for children and young people, and those providing education and skills for learners of all ages. www. ofsted. gov. uk The purpose of the schools sections of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (As amended by the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001) http://www. equalityhumanrights. com/uploaded_files/drc_schools_code. pd This Code covers young people over the age of sixteen when in school. The Disability Rights Commission (DRC) is issuing a separate Code of Practice to explain how the duties apply in further and higher education and to give practical guidance to providers of ‘post-16’ education that are not schools. There are three main sources of support available to disabled pupils in school.These come from different parts of the legislation. Support is available through: the disability discrimination duties the planning duties; and the Special Educational Needs (SEN) framework. The definition of disability which is the basis for all the duties is set out in the Disability Discrimination Act. We need to ensure we follow the reasonable adjustments duty. * Not to treat disabled pupils less favourably * To take reasonable steps to avoid putting disabled pupils at a substantial disadvantage. Regardless of disabilities all students must be treated fairly and equally. Aids and disabled access should be added to the environment, so disabled people can access the site and workAt Heathermount on our x drive with in the staff hand book we have policies that will and do cover the following: * The rights of all individuals and groups within the school. * The values and practice which are part of all aspects of school life. * The legal duties of the school. Code of Professional Practice These boundaries could have a negative effect on us as teachers as well as other professionals within the organisation. We therefore need to deal with these boundaries by referring to the Institute for Learning's (IfL) Code of Practice (2008) which outlines the behaviours expected of teachers in the Lifelong Sector http://www. ifl. ac. uk/membership/professional-standards/code-of-professional-practice The Institute for Learning’s code of Professional Practice came into force on 1 April 2008.The Code was developed by the profession for the profession and it outlines the behaviours expected of members – for the benefit of learners, employers, the profession and the wider community. * Integrity * Respect * Care * Practice * Disclosure * Responsibility The members shall; Behaviour 1: Professional integrity 1. Meet their professional responsibilities consistent with the Institute’s professional values 2. Use reasonable professional judg ement when discharging differing responsibilities and obligations to learners, colleagues, institution and the wider profession 3. Uphold the reputation of the profession by never unjustly or knowingly damaging the professional reputation of another or furthering their own position unfairly at the expense of another 4.Comply with all reasonable assessment and quality procedures and obligations 5. Uphold the standing and reputation of the Institute and not knowingly undermine or misrepresent its views nor their Institute membership, any qualification or professional status The members shall at all times: Behaviour 2: Respect 1. Respect the rights of learners and colleagues in accordance with relevant legislation and organisation requirements 2. Act in a manner which recognises diversity as an asset and does not discriminate in respect of race, gender, disability and/or learning difficulty, age, sexual orientation or religion and belief. The members shall takeBehaviour 3: Reasonable c are Reasonable care to ensure the safety and welfare of learners and comply with relevant statutory provisions to support their well-being and development. Behaviour 4: Professional practice The members shall provide evidence to the Institute that they have complied with the current Institute CPD policy and guidelines. Behaviour 5: Criminal offence disclosure Any member shall notify the Institute as soon as practicable after cautioning or conviction for a criminal offence. The Institute reserves the right to act on such information through its disciplinary process. Behaviour 6: Responsibility during Institute investigationsA member shall use their best endeavours to assist in any investigation and shall not seek to dissuade, penalise or discourage a person from bringing a complaint against any member, interfere with or otherwise compromise due process. Behaviour 7: Responsibility to the Institute The members shall at all time act in accordance with the Institute’s conditions of membership which will be subject to change from time to time. There are four sanctions which can be applied to members who breach the Code of professional practice: * A reprimand * A conditional registration order * A suspension order * An expulsion order The nature of the sanction imposed will depend upon the circumstances of the case. IfL has issued indicative sanctions guidance to the professional practice committee.Any disciplinary order imposed by IfL relates only to a member's class and status within IfL and bears no connection to relationships outside of that, such as membership of another organisation or employment. Lesson Plans evaluation/comments: Appendix Scheme of learning Appendix lesson plan Lesson plans alongside teaching folders are collected in termly, by the head teacher, assistant heads and education psychologist. These are reviewed as part of our good practise. As I teach and assess entry 3 and level 1 hospitality and catering and level 2 professional cookery. I follow set criteria by City and Guilds. This involves assessment plans being completed.I assess the students’ general tasks that need to be completed, specific techniques, ingredients and equipment that must be covered throughout the student, making sure they reach the required standard for that unit. I then complete the paperwork for that unit. In our folders this is dating, evidencing, mapping, photographs, observations, written evidence cross referenced cross referencing with the correct units and then mapping onto the specific unit being assessed. When I have assessed a specific unit the internal quality assurance practitioner assesses my ability to assess by checking the students work, making sure all of the assessments made by myself is carried out to the correct standards. They also standardise across all assessors.We may have a visit or a remote visit by external consultants who checks that our centre is operating the appropriate internal quality assurance processe s and procedures for the qualification in line with the awarding body requirements. We can then be approved to certificate! Vocational Tutors with subject specialism have responsibility as subject coordinators for the development and monitoring of curriculum delivery across the centre in the relevant subject. Main responsibilities and expectations * Knowledge and understanding * Planning and setting expectations * Teaching and managing students’ learning and care * Assessment and evaluation * Students achievement * Relations with parents and the wider community Managing own performance and development * Managing and developing staff and other adults * Managing resources * Strategic leadership As a member of staff of the catering department, we are all focused on CPD, we have to fulfil our assessor’s requirements, vocationally and knowledge based. This can be meetings, directed days, personal reflection, and standardisation. Our internal verifier for catering comes into school termly. She then reviews the students’ folders and units completed. We have standardisation meetings with her to ensure we are all assessing to the correct level and standard, reaching the set criteria. This is discussed at every visit, once termly.We all assess to TAQA- (training and quality assurance) At present our CPD for all staff has been focused on literacy. We have had an expert in from the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead (Jo Hefer) every week to help us improve the standard of literacy within the school as a whole. This has involved practical and group work. During INSET days we complete CPD activities and courses. We have all recently completed MAYBO www. maybo. co. uk/ leaders in conflict management course If staff want to apply for additional courses, a request is completed, which needs to be agreed by the Senior Leadership Team. We also have to be up to date with the vocational sector.This is by being registered with and tracking our sector skills council directive, apprenticeship guidance and at times government agendas. As government changes, funding bodies change names, location and funding streams, Heathermount has started to employ apprentices. I work alongside the Catering apprentices. The apprentices started in May 2012 which has been a steep learning curve for the Catering department. http://www. lge. gov. uk/lge/core/page. do? pageId=3577861#contents-4 An apprenticeship should therefore be a planned programmed in place for a defined period of time that combines work and learning and supports an individual to develop skills and knowledge, usually within the framework of achieving a qualification for a particular trade or profession.Managing apprentices As an employee, apprentices should be managed under the local authority’s normal performance management policies, and the employer can require the apprentice to comply with the employer’s normal policies and conditions of employment. However, there are sp ecial rights and duties to take account of if the local authority wishes to terminate the apprenticeship earlier than originally specified in the contract. Local authorities should be aware that misconduct that would normally justify the summary dismissal of an employee may not justify the dismissal of an apprentice. Traditionally apprenticeship schemes set the employer in loco parentis.This implies that the employer has a wider duty of care to support the personal growth and learning of the apprentice, in addition to providing professional development and skills. As a result, the local authority would be expected to exercise more leeway and provide additional support for an apprentice with conduct or capability issues. However, where a local authority can show that the conduct or capability of the apprentice is so bad that it is impossible to teach him or her agreed trade, then the early dismissal of the apprentice is capable of being fair (Newell v Gillingham Corporation). Appendi ces 1. Job Description 2. Student profile 3. Room risk assessment 4. Equipment risk assessment 5. Incident Form 6. Scheme of learning

Understand How To Handle Information In Social Care Settings

Data Protection Act 1998 (amended in 2003) – The Data Protection Act 1998 (amended in 2003) is a UK law that was set up to protect people’s personal information and who the information was shared with. The act also enables people to make sure that their information is being handled correctly. The 1998 Act replaced and consolidated earlier legislation such as the Data Protection Act 1984 and the Access to Personal Files Act 1987. The Data Protection Act 1998 (amended in 2003) is a legal obligation to everyone who holds information about a person.Non-compliance with the Data Protection Act is a criminal offense. Examples of people who hold information who would have to comply with the Data Protection Act 1987 (amended in 2003) is you’re GP, NHS, Private Companies etc. If you’re GP was to disclose information about you to your mother or father without your consent this would be going against the Data Protection act which could lead to the GP being prosecuted for committing a criminal offense and being non-compliant.Freedom of information act 2000- This act was created to allow members of the public to access information held about them by different public bodies. For example if the NHS holds information about you under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 you have a right to know what this information is and who it is available to. There are three ways to find out information under this act.You can request this information electronically by sending an email to them from their website or using the contact us section.You can write to the department with a request form or a letter requesting access to the information.You can fax the department to request the information.There may be a charge for the information and you can find details of costs by looking on the public bodies’ website, calling them or writing to them. The Health and social Care Act- also has guidelines and legislations on how to handle people information correctly.Ca re Quality Commission’s Guidance about â€Å"Essential Standards of Quality and Safety Outcome 21†- Provides you  with information on how to handle people information and comply with legislation and laws. The General Social Care Council can also give you information and guidelines on their website about handling people information You can also find out how to handle information by looking at your company policies and procedures manual, looking in your own code of conduct and requesting information from your line manager about how to do this effectively.Q 1. 2 Explain how legal requirements and codes of practice inform practice in handling information?A 1. 2 Legal requirements and codes of practice are guidelines, policies and procedures that everyone has to adhere to in their day to day activities when handling information.The guidelines protect you from committing criminal offenses where it is a legal requirement or from facing dismissal when it is a company’ s policy or procedure. Legal requirements give you guidance and support when storing and handling personal and confidential information about an individual, it will enable you to store information correctly and safely.Q 2.1 Explain how to maintain records that are up to date, complete, accurate and legible?A 2. 1 A good way of maintaining records is on a computer or in a file that can be kept confidential and kept up to date.Records should be updated each time the individual is seen, either at home or in a clinical setting. Records must always be factual and not an opinion, they must be accurate and legible for others to be able to read. When recording information you must date time and sign the documents in some cases the service user may need to sign them as well.There are many thing that you need to update in the records these include: Date and time of arrival or visit what happened what tasks were completed i. e. washed, dressed, fed, medication Outcome of visit and any requests from the service user. For example if you go and visit a service user and you have gave them breakfast and medication for the day you must state this in the records as the next visitor may give the client breakfast and medication again which could overdose the service user.Q 2. 2 Describe practices that ensure security when storing and accessing information?A 2. 2 There are many different ways to ensure security when storing and accessing information: Passwords on computers enable unauthorised people from accessing records as well as emails Keeping records locked away in a filing cabinet/cupboard with a key that only someone who is authorised to open it has the key. Not leaving notes lying around to be seen by anyone Make sure that handovers are done in a room where no one can hear Making sure conversations with service users are in private and not breeching confidentiality.Not discussing information with people on the telephone or if you do doing this in private so no one else can hear. Making sure files are returned to the filing cabinets when not in use.Q 2. 3 Describe features of manual and electronic information storage systems that help ensure security?A 2. 3 It is important to keep all clients information in a secure location (i. e. filing cabinet for paper based records etc. ) if any records are taken out of the secure location to be used in updating or retrieving information from they are to be kept away from unauthorised users.For example if you visit a service user in the morning but no longer need their records it should be put in the secure location out of reach of others who are not authorised to use this. Electronic records are to only be accessed by a password which will stop unauthorised people accessing the records. Electronic systems will also record who, when and what time the records have been accessed and what the person was doing when accessing the information. For example is Joe blogs record needed updating to say he was on a new medic ation.You would log into the computer and put a password into the files to allow you access the computer system would record who you are and what time you accessed the file and what you did with the file. (I. e. amended information, updated records etc. ) Always making sure there is a backup of document paper documents should be photocopied and stored in a filing cabinet that is labelled. Electronic records should be backed up either on a USB stick or a server to make sure records are not lost.Q 3. 1 Explain how to support others to understand the need for secure handling of information?A 3. 1 Ways to support others and making them understand the need for secure handling of information is by following policies and procedures yourself which shows good practice. Showing people policies legislation and procedures about handling information and monitoring the way they handle peoples information and offering them guidance and advice on how to handle peoples information in the most secure way meeting the legislation that is in place, advise them to read the data protection act and the companies code of conduct.We all have a duty to follow the procedures and legislation for handling information. If someone does not know how to do this you can show them how to do so, as well as showing them how to update information where required.Q 3. 2 Explain how to support others to understand and contribute to records?A 3. 2 You can support other by raising their awareness of the consequences of not updating records, making them legible and not following policies and procedures in compliance with data protection. Make sure that you colleagues know where to keep secure files and how to store them. (I. e. alphabetically. )

Jane Elliot’s Experiment

A Divided Class From the moment our country was created, one of the main liberties we asked for was the idea of equality, â€Å"that all men will be created equal. † Although this has been a part of the American ideal since 1776, American’s have not fulfilled this liberty. Individuals do not admit it, but many are still prejudice against minorities, particularly African Americans. In the 1960’s, around the time when Martin Luther King Jr. as fighting for civil rights for people of color, a 3rd grade school teacher, Jane Elliot, from Riceville, Iowa was busy at work in an attempt to recreate the negative emotional and physical effects of racism within her classroom. She created an experiment in which she divided her students into unequal groups as a way of creating artificial stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination. Jane Elliot eventually expanded her experiments into the adult population. She has done these experiments on corrections workers in prisons, as we ll as college students.Through all these experiments, Jane Elliot has made many conclusions and generalizations that can directly relate back to the real world, and hopefully aid in solving the problem of racism. Jane Elliot’s experimentation with stereotypes first began within the walls of her 3rd grade classroom. Before the experiment began she asked the students for their opinions on minority groups. Many of the students answered with statements regarding black people as being dumb and different than whites. They also discussed how African Americans do not have the same opportunities as white people do because of the color of their skin.Jane Elliot continued by effectively dividing the students into unequal groups based on eye color. From the initial division, Jane Elliot treated the students in the brown eyed group as if they were inferior to those in the blue eyed group. She set a vast amount of boundaries limiting what those in the bottom could do, and in contrast expan ding what those in the top could do. This document had a lot of great points that stood out as I viewed the film. The fact that these third grades actually understood this exercises was one point that just touched my heart.If little babies can understand that racism is not the way to go; then adults should be about to let it go as well and treat everyone equal. Another thing that stood out is when Jane Elliot was doing the study with the adults in her and another white lady were going back in forward with one another. That caught my eye since the white lady felt like she could talk to Jane Elliot any kind of way. In the real world a lot of white people do feel that they are above everyone and can say and do as they please. In that incident just goes to show the truth to that.Three social psychology terms I remember from the film â€Å"A Divided Class† were stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination. These three terms stuck with me because they are basically the base terms when it comes to social psychology. Stereotype is the generalization about a group of people in which certain traits are assigned to virtually all members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members. This goes hand to hand with the film since the kids were made to believe that everyone with brown eyes was less than the kids with blue eyes.That is stereotyping since they did not try to get to know one another for who they really are but for what they were told about them. Prejudice is a hostile or negative attitude toward a distinguishable group of people, based solely on their membership of that group. For example, Jane Elliot told the blue eye kids to be mean and not listen to the brown eye kids. This was done to show the meaning of prejudice. Since the kids gave the brown eye kids a very negative attitude just because they had brown eyes. Discrimination is unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because his or her membership in that group.The kids in class did not allow the brown eye kids to play on the big toy that was an act of discrimination. They were being negative since the kids had brown eyes and not blue. In closing, when I meet people who seem racist or come from families where parents have told them that black does more bad stuff then us white folks, I always ask â€Å"what if we all had the same skin color? Who would be the bad guy? I believe it is the fear, it is always easier to point fingers telling, hey it’s because he is black, hey it’s because he got a mental illness, however people would be in shock soon as someone say he is a normally family guy† then you can’t point fingers. I some time feel victimize, and it’s hard to accept and realized how evil some people can be and how judgmental they are as well. On the other hand, this film has really help open my eyes to the real world. In you should never judge a book by its cover because you don’t know wher e and what it has been through. This experiment should be express through all school, starting at a young age because that will be the back bone on rather or not the student will grow up being prejudice towards others. show more

Position Paper on Leonel Fernandez Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Position Paper on Leonel Fernandez - Essay Example Position Paper on Leonel Fernandez He has been the recipient of various â€Å"Honorius causa† Degrees from renowned Universities across the world such as Harvard University, Sorbonne University and Seton Hall University. Leonel Fernandez, though a democratic and progressive leader, turned a blind eye to corruption by his friends. This is a position paper on Leonel Fernandez. The Dominican Republic has been through ups and downs during the two terms overseen by Fernandez. Fernandez’s first term, stretching from 1996 to 2000 marked the arrival of democracy as a practice in the Dominican Republic after the previous President Joaquin Balaguer, who had been a reputed strong man ruling for the past four decades, died (BBC 1). Leonel Fernandez appealed to politicians beyond the traditional lines, which helped bring much-respected independents in his government. Leonel Fernandez recaptured power in the year 2004 with the hopes of the country on him to reprise a failing economy. Sure enough, the president stabili zed the declining economy and restored it to aggressive growth. However, the politics that have dogged his administration have been less of an inspiration with the government run by party men and mired in some corruption scandals. Like the neighboring country of Haiti, the poorer populace of the Dominican Republic feels the pressure of high global prices for food. Fernandez reacted to this by implementing subsidies for chicken, rice, wheat and milk, to be paid to the supermarkets, directly, by the government. (The Economist 1). While these measures proved politically effective, his opponents were worried about its cost to the national government. An agreement reached by the Dominican Republic and IMF in 2008 helped to fund various projects in the country including the new metro station in Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic. The government of Leonel Fernandez also did make some progress on fixing the Dominican Republic’s deficient system of electricity distribution. Approximately 30% of the nation’s power supply is stolen, lower than the previous half (The Economist 1). However, his government largely failed in streamlining the key sector, with the state holding company, for exam ple, employing approximately two thousand workers to carry out the work of twenty or thirty. Mr. Fernandez, though, stood by the underperforming boss, Radames Segura. While the Dominican Republic government uses oil-fired stations, they guarantee a fixed price of electricity. High crude prices saw the CDEEE’s subsidy rise to the point where it exceeded one billion dollars. Despite these shortcomings, Leonel Fernandez was a more charismatic and decisive leader when compared to Hipolito Mejia. For one, he is more likable by comparison, with his campaigns being more interactive and being feted almost like a top baseball player, normally wearing a baseball cap (Goble 1). Regardless of his use of public machinery like the police during his campaigns, he still managed to remain a cut above them without any of them accusing him of abuse of office or personal corruption. Even, as he relapsed into a Balaguer-like president, his people still stood by him, showing his admirable charisma . Politically, Leonel Fernandez outshone his main opponent back then. However, even with the manner in which Leonel Fernandez turned a blind eye

Carter Cleaning Co. Case Study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Carter Cleaning Co. Case Study - Research Paper Example The article goes on to state that discriminatory practices could include employment decisions that are based on certain stereotypes regarding the work ability of males versus females or even in regards different ethnic groups (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2009). Hence, a defense that women and minorities make up most of the company’s employees would be no solid defense at all. The company could be alleged to be restricting their hiring to women and minorities based on pre conceived assumptions about how women or minorities perform work as compared to males or non-minorities. The company could also be accused of having a misguided perception that women and minorities would be less demanding in the amount of compensation required, and hence given preferential treatment in hiring over males or non-minorities with the same qualifications. In the latter case, the Equal Pay Act could be applicable, and this law applies to all employers regardless of the size of the company or number of employees it has employed (Small Business Notes, 2009). The Equal Pay Act prevents discrimination based on sex where essentially the same job duties are performed (Small Business Notes, 2009). In addition, during employment interviews, only minorities were asked about arrest records and credit history. Also, only women were asked questions regarding childcare. The questions themselves are illegal for Carter Cleaners to ask of any applicant, but also indicates racial and sex discrimination which are in violation of Title VII of The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2009). According to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2010), it is not lawful to harass an individual, applicant, or employee because of the person’s sex. This includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other harassment of a sexual nature (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,

Aluminum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aluminum - Essay Example Aluminum is a member of the group III of the periodic table and is classified as a metal with properties lying midway between metals and metalloids. The 8% by weight of the Earth’s crust is made up of aluminum which makes it the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust and also the third most abundant element. Though insoluble in water, aluminum is a very reactive material. For using in various applications across different engineering and technology fields aluminum has to be extracted from its ores, a majority of which are oxides of aluminum. The most abundant ore of aluminum is bauxite ore. Aluminum has vast applications and is considered to be the most widely used material in all types of engineering. The property of aluminum which makes it suitable for use in various different kinds of engineering applications is its low density and ability to resist corrosion. The ability to resist corrosion is developed through forming a thin layer of aluminum oxide on the surface of aluminum which makes it a passive material as aluminum oxide is a very less reactive. This phenomenon of placing a layer of oxide on the surface of a metal is known as passivation. The light weight of aluminum makes it useful in aerospace industry and the use of aluminum cladding is also getting popularity in architectural and construction industry. There are many chemical reactions in which aluminum can be used as a catalyst due to its reactive nature.

Family and children's issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Family and children's issues - Essay Example Some of the countries that had deemed spanking as illegal are Denmark, Sweden, Germany, and New Zealand to mention a few (Legal Reforms). Professional organizations also oppose to spanking as a way to discipline a child; one of these organizations is the American Psychological Association (Corporal Punishment). They argue that resorting to physical punishment would not discipline a child but would instead teach the child to instill authority by physical means. In some parts of these countries and organizations’ argument, it is agreeable that other people should not do the spanking because the parents are the only ones who should spank their children. However, this does not give parents freedom to hurt their child whenever the child makes a mistake. The psychological state and values of the parents are a big factor and should be greatly considered in this issue. The state and the organizations should have first considered teaching parents how to be responsible instead of instan tly prohibiting this way of disciplining a child. It can be stated then that guarding responsible parenthood should have been the first matter that these countries had looked into. Responsible parenthood should be also be approached first for further studies and development by these professional organizations since it is the behavior of the parents first that should be controlled. After all, the parents are the immediate adults the children interact with and not the people from the state or from the research

Representation on the Partition of India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Representation on the Partition of India - Essay Example For this purpose, the written piece by Anita Desai under the tag of Clear Light of Day and the film Earth by Deepa Mehta can be regarded as pioneers regarding the subject matter. This paper aims to assess the subject of India-Pakistan separation and its impact on the creation of identity by comparing the work of Deepa Mehta and Anita Desai. Talking about the film by Deepa Mehta, it was surely an attempt of showing the cultural differences which ultimately became the reason behind the complication for people to actually being individuals. In a simpler manner, it can be well said that the after the two-nation separation, there was a lot of struggle t hat was witnessed in becoming individual identity. The impact of the separation between the two nations was so horrific in the history of subcontinent that it almost became critical for people to get over with the changes which were marked in the name of two-nation separation. As depicted in the movie by the narrator â€Å"It was 1947 rum bling of the British government into division of Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs entity into the two states, Pakistan and India. The pieces of India were being clamored†. The audiences will note that the director has projected the incidents of the separation as of the Jews holocaust. The usage of term holocaust has been done by the director Deepa Mehta many times after the film was launched at the international film festival. The astounding director noted that since Jews consider the holocaust as the most brutal memory of their history, in the similar manner, the separation of India and Pakistan was their holocaust. This shows the intensity of the separation as evident from the movie. It should be noted that the movie was basically a depiction of the Novel named Cracking India. The director Deepa Mehta has shown that the relationship between different cultural communities was not so enraged until the politics became severe in the subcontinent (Mehta). The director have made sure tha t the viewer are able to understand the history of the India and Pakistan easily for which she had made her characters to speak of the context to the historical background. Furthermore, it can be well-stated that the audience can pin point the difficulties that people underwent during the time of separation. Undoubtedly, the literature which was published so far after 1947 made evident that the separation was not an easy event. But the movie rather takes an in-depth assessment of the ways in which people questioned about their identities. Despite the fact that people did not have to worry about their identity after the separation as they were in their own homeland, there was still an air of discomfort. The characters that have been shown in the movie have rather noted a more positive relationship between people from different cultures until the call for separation (Mehta 76). After the dreading events of mass killing of Muslims and Hindus, it was rather noted that the relationship b etween different cultures were divided on the basis of identities. Also, the furious yet brutal incident that have been projected in the movie such as the train in which the lead actor’s sister had to travel reached the railway station in a situation of no human being alive. The director has communicated with the audiences that on the basis of identities, women from both nations had to undergo rape. The train incident marked the holocaust act of the murderers where four

Civilization in China according to the Bodley Profile of Imperial Essay

Civilization in China according to the Bodley Profile of Imperial Cultures - Essay Example The Chinese civilization is described by the author as for where the domestic put in order into the ethnic group or when people systematize into empires and realm, the comparative disparity amid leaders and common herd relics invariable on a very normal level. On the other hand, the sum of authority and the importance of possessions detained by leaders of China detonate at the same time as the poor knowledge more and more immense dissimilarity. The authority of the Chinese people increases the level and also gives particulars on the superior point of stratification within additional multifaceted civilization. The author however does suggest that in Chinese civilization when the Kingdom and the inequality between the rich and the poor existed that was not right and with the intention of to make the world of evenhandedness and equal opportunity the Chinese people tried to construct optimal-scale civilization, which contained a degree of space among, deprived and wealthy. The Chinese civilization has been defined by a lot of people in a lot of different ways. Chinese evolution consisted of a hodgepodge of quite a lot of militaristic states; each one of them was faint by a king, duke, marquis, or else earl. Even though there was the main king who apprehended supposed authority, and influential control from time to time held by substantial power, every state in China was faint as a self-governing opinionated body. The Chinese civilization was at that time at the early stages of Confucian attitude in addition to that of a lot of other viewpoints that very much was predisposed Chinese way of existence or political consideration. China was one of the solitary states where the most basic middle of human civilization. China was one of the most highly developed civilizations in the human race in skill, prose, and ability, even though revolutionize was extremely slow but sure and taken at the edge off by Imperial authority.  

Wireless Electricity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wireless Electricity - Assignment Example International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com), Volume 2 Issue 7, pp. 48-51. This is a research paper which was published in the international journal. This paper presents a detailed analysis of wireless transmission and various associated concepts. This paper is a good source for developing the base for the research. This paper also discusses some of issues with wireless transmission. In the start, authors differentiate between wireless and wired medium of energy transmission. This is a detailed project report presented by four students. This report presents a detailed analysis of wireless energy transmission. In this report, authors discuss different applications of wireless energy transmission. In this scenario, they analyze these applications on the basis on certain parameters such as user-friendliness, sustainability, economical and technological feasibility and health and safety. This paper discusses a wide variety of methods and technologies exist up to now for wireless transmission of electricity and the need for a Wireless System of Energy Transmission. They also discuss their advantages, disadvantages and economical consideration. This paper also discusses the history of wireless transmission. Mohammed, S. S., Ramasamy, K., & Shanmuganantham, T. (2010). Wireless Power Transmission – A Next Generation Power Transmission System. International Journal of Computer Applications, Volume 1 Issue 13, pp. 100-103. This paper discusses a detailed analysis of technologies available for wireless energy transmission. The paper is based on finding a solution to deal with energy losses that occur in case of wireless transmission due to the wireless nature of this energy transmission. This is a thesis that is presented by a graduate student for the completion of his graduation in electrical engineering. This thesis is a complete guide for wireless

The Weakness of Modern Day Society Is Critical Thinking Essay Example for Free

The Weakness of Modern Day Society Is Critical Thinking Essay Modern day society has put strong restraints on critical thinking development in many areas including the educational world and work force. To begin the discussion on critical thinking and the resolutions, we must first figure out why it is such a sought after attribute. Does this skill set always make the best and hardest worker? Is it something a company or college needs to recruit for? It is not necessarily the case that a highly educated person will carry this skill set into the business world. A student may perform unbelievable on an ACT or SAT test but it is important to be careful and consider what this implies. These tests are based off of memorized information. There are several reasons for the overall different levels of critical thinking skills in employees in the business and education sector and it is related to standardized tests, courses taken and personality of students. Before even diving into large amounts of data and research papers, there is a common belief that education level and critical thinking have a direct correlation. Before reading many resources, I believed this to be nonfictional myself. However, there is a growing concern with the way students are taught and the effects it will have with critical thinking skill development. Starting as early as high school, students are put through a rigorous outline of information in what are called Standards of Learning (SOL’s). These standards can be both good and bad for students. They are taught the necessities that it outlines but are limited in the other facets of education. Teaching is not just done with a chalkboard and group work and projects are limited by these SOL’s. Teachers are limited in what they can teach because they have to stick to these SOL’s and time is of essence to meet the rigorous requirements. Fast forward to the end of the academic year and students understanding of the data required for the SOL’s will directly correlate to higher grade point averages. According to a study performed by Borg and Stranahan, there is little to no correlation to GPA scores and critical thinking skills. Now if you continue this trend, the higher GPA students will go on to colleges of their choosing and eventually into the work force. I believe this is a root cause for the lack or delay of critical skill development later on. Many people choose the majors in college that are most appealing or will allow them to find superior employment afterwards. However, there is evidence regarding critical thinking abilities and course work taken. Borg and Stranahan found a correlation between a basic economic course at a university and a higher level in critical thinking gained after the course. I think that there is much to be said regarding this information. The course work had a lot of group work and electronic discussion group projects. This supports my idea that there is a drastic improvement in critical thinking skills with group work starting in a secondary public school. The levels of critical thinking could reach a higher threshold if it is implemented at an earlier age. And again continuing this trend, it could greatly increases the abilities of the entry level worker. When we look at a student in an undergraduate degree, some safe stereotypes we can place on them is they are young and full of energy and proud of where they are attending college. I am guilty of the same infractions. Other than that we have no safe bets because we are all different and come from different places and lifestyles. One thing that concerns me about the entry level workforce is the way the personalities have developed. There seems to be a large portion that have not developed cognitive skills and are just full of useless trivial information. This could potentially lead to conflict at work and at home. Lacking of the group work and projects can increase the gap between information and viewpoints. This failure occurs because of their inability to separate facts from opinions, examine an issue from different perspectives, make rational inferences, withhold personal biases, question information given to them, go beyond surface meaning to discover the deep meaning, etc. † (Nazmi Al-Shalabi, page 41). The business sector could be shaken if we cannot mainstream some more ways to teach critical thinking to students. I do not believe my findings are an accurate description of the entire workforce. There are plenty of highly educated individuals that are highly capable of being placed in critical thinking situations and excel. However, I do believe the numbers will continue to skew and support my opinions if we continue down this path. There are many ways to implement and increase critical thinking skills, but the first step is for us to recognize that there is truly an issue. If we cannot make minor changes to the education system, increase course requirements with group work projects, and alter the strong personalities of entry level workers, we could be in trouble my friends.

Internet Browser Essay Example for Free

Internet Browser Essay Despite the fact that Internet Explorer 5. 5 is one of the most popular in companies, I’d like to recommend another one – Maxthon Browser 2. 0, because it is much more convenient for office working. Maxthon Internet Browser 2. 0 is a powerful tabbed browser nowadays. Its main advantage is a highly customizable interface. Although Maxthon Browser is based on the engine of Internet Explorer, it has many additional efficient features. What works in Internet Explorer works as well in Maxthon Browser and even better and faster. (Maxthon). Maxthon Browser includes many new features involving full customization of layout, new clean interface, multi-tab workspace, better security and improved rss/podcast reader. Until nowadays a big inconvenient was: bookmarklet, toolbar and 3rd party plugins. Maxthon 2. 0 supports all of the functions compared with Internet Explorer, Opera, etc. Additionally Maxthon has few exclusive screenshots below. Nevertheless the most interesting feature of new Maxthon is its possibility to create an account and to store all necessary information and settings online. The function is simply used just by logging in. Although Opera, Internet Explorer and FireFox are more sophisticated and have got more market share, Maxthon is swiftly gaining popularity. (Maxthon) Today is the era of Internet and application functionality is able to expand beyond the operating system into the desktops and the web. Personalization and delivery is very important and Maxthon Browser with its organic growth is a serious representative of such trend. In several years Maxthon will become a key player in the Internet market, because it has serious investors such as Morten Lund, CRV, and WI Harper, growing community and actually beautiful product. I recommend Maxthon, because it differs from other browsers and makes working process with Internet easier as it includes the visible gestures and customizable Tab handling. But the most useful is if the browser is closed accidentally with ten tabs open, the next time it is opened, they are still there. (Maxthon). References â€Å"Maxthon: the Browser that Rocks†. (2006, February 28) Retried September, from http://www. techcrunch. com.

Global Pharmaceutical Industry

Global Pharmaceutical Industry Introduction The Global Pharmaceutical Industry is one of the multinational industries which gained a high cycle of growth especially in 1960s and the industry is in high risk, regulated and driven by lengthy RD expenditures. The industry can be different in medicinal chemical, biological, ethical, proprietary product and private formula manufactures by their backgrounds and operation sectors and does not cover consumer or animal healthcare. In 2008 total revenue of global pharmaceutical industry was $615.1 billion and expected to reach $734 billion at the end of 2013. United States, Europe and Japan are the largest pharmaceutical market. The report critically analyse the Global Pharmaceutical Industry, importance and growth with the expect of internal and external environment analysis, plausible views of industry in the future and moral values. (Global pharmaceutical). A: identification of the main environmental forces currently affecting the pharmaceutical industry. PESTLE PESTLE analysis used to help organisation to understand in depth that what is the current status of the organisation and the external factors which are effecting. It also helps to the Management to make strategy for the future and overcome the weak areas of the organization. PESTLE is comprises of political, Economical, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors. (Author) Political The both policies (domestic and foreign) of government have a great effect on the industry innovation as compare to the other factors. To get the attentions of firms due to increase the economic importance, government offer special incentives which encourage to the industry to globalisation. For example GSK increase their operations in Singapore due to low taxes and others government support. Same like, United States purchase more than 45% of drugs, the main reason is to allow foreign industry to compete with local which may help to low prices and reduce health budget. (David Floyd, 2008) From 1980 governments focused on pharmaceutical industry to handle the challenges of price control, monopoly and trade. For example in the European countries like Spain, Portugal, France and Italy the pharmaceutical market is cheap and thus these countries are used to ship their products to UK, Germany and Sweden for high price market. In US the price of pharmaceutical goods are high as compared to neighbours country Canada due to the lake of price control. Like in US Lipitor (cloistral medicine) were sold with $3.20 per pill in 2003 as that of $1.89 per pill in Canada. (Sarah Holland Jul 2004 ) Environment Environment movements are real threats for Pharmaceutical industry as these movements focus on green environments and reduce chemicals and carbon which comes from pharmaceutical industries. It is not being possible to ignore these issues as they are supposed to be practiced under United Nation charter for clean and better environment. For example Pfizer is a well reputed British Pharmaceutical company which has aims to save the environment as much as possible from chemicals, waste water which includes active pharmaceutical ingredients mixture of different compounds and carbon which comes from their pharmaceutical industries. Different strategies could be used to reduce carbon and chemical waste from drugs for human environment, like proper consumption ,good way of savages for hospitals waste water like advance waste water treatment technology, private house hold expire drugs, training and education of medical professionals to reduce over prescription, and public education and awareness. These strategies could be help full for save green house environment from drugs. In conclusion if we do focus on three principal strategies to reduce the input of chemicals compounds, carbon, and waste water in to the environment are substitution of complex chemical compounds, advance technical approach, and proper education and training of doctors, retailers and consumers. (Klaus Kà ¼mmerer, 2009) Social The social life, physical activities and level of health of a community affects the pharmaceutical industry. Change in social life and trends mention new direction for the local and national pharmaceutical industry. In the same way age of the individuals deeply change the dimensions of the industry like the citizen of a community aged more than 60 yeas consumes more drugs than the young people. Recently, the industry gets attraction and become more popularafter impact of global diseases e.g. SARS, AIDS, because of media and government attention. (Micheal A. Santoro, Date not available) Technology: Technology plays a vital role in to pharmaceutical industries according to current state of art methods for development and manufacturing of drugs and open new ways of research and invention. The usage of advance technologies automatically impact on social, economic, and environment. Advance technology in pharmaceutical industries help full to accurate characterize chemical compounds, better control on new enhance scientific methods and their optimization. Which decrease extra time, money and efforts and produce more accurate drugs for specific disease, and decrease all hurdles from research to manufacturing efficiently, reliably, and rapidly. (Troy Shinbrot, Benjamin J. Glasser, 2002) Economy Currently the pharmaceutical industry is less affected as compare to other manufacturing industries and until 2011 the industry is ideal for foreign direct investment growth. (World investment prospect survey, 2009). Despite this, in 2002 slow economy growth put the pressure on the EU market and restricts it to 8%. The global pharmaceutical industry is effecting due to interest, taxes, inflation and exchange rates which are included in the economic factors of global pharmaceutical industry. Change in the foreign currency rates makes affects on the exports and imports of drugs. High interest rates discourage investment the industry for firms and stake holders. Research and Development is a lengthy procedure which have also economically effect on the industry. Mergers and diversification allows the industry to enter in new market or develop new drugs. In 1996 two big companies, Swiss giants Ciba and Sandoz, merged one company called Novartis and attempted to cut RD costs (James H. Tagg art, 1993) Legal Undoubtedly pharmaceutical industry is a highly regulated and patent law. Pricing policies and product liability laws on pharmaceutical innovation are highly affected. The innovation of pharmaceutical is also affected because of regulation. Which cause delaying the market launch of new products and process through lengthy approval time. In United States the greater restrictions of regulation is evidence to delay in the local market of demanding new drugs. In 1989, 18 of the 23 new drugs introduced and approved for marketing in other countries while in US received their first marketing. (Stevens, Mark, 2009) Furthermore the World Trade Organisation introduced new rules for copyright protection which later overcome the problem of fake production and allowed some relaxation of exporting the Aids drugs to Africa. In 1995, with mutual understanding many countries made different changes in their â€Å"National Laws Governing† IPR which directly impact on pharmaceutical industry. (James, H, 1993) SWOT Swot analysis in pharmaceutical industry provide a crystal clear scenario about on coming threats to this industry , scope of pharmaceutical industry its opportunities , advantages and provide summary analysis of strategic planning model and weakness areas including draw backs ,hurdles related to this industry. Threats The infrastructure of pharmaceutical industries is very different compare to other major Industries. Pharmaceutical approaching techniques state way comes in to open market environment. The influences of government in shape of pricing and legislation individual consumers and whole sellers free choice directly interact with this industry. The most of new drugs approvals and launches has decreased in the past decade, making it hard to make awesome income with these government strategies to decrease health care expenditures gives more threats in pharmaceutical industry. Over the next few years the pharmaceutical industries could be face Series downturn about of patent expiry. Drugs which are contributing 17 to pharmaceutical sales in 2008 lose patent Protection between now and 2012. (K. George Mooney, 2001) Weakness There are multiple examples of weakness associated with pharmaceutical industries. Some are highlights below, for example association of funding and results. Pharmaceutical company funding of clinical trials is strictly linked with published results favouring those companies interests. This is an important issue which should be solved and is major weakness of Pharmaceutical industry. Another weakness in pharmaceutical industry is shortage of supply and demand of men power in industry and output from universities. There is need to collaboration and partnership between pharmaceutical industries, education institutes, and government to deal with the shortfall the challenge comes from balancing education in basic science with training in the emerging areas of science and technology. (R. Barker, M. Darnbrough, 2007) Strengths The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most productive and profitable industrial sectors. Therefore, effective intellectual property protections play a vital role to maintain innovation and research for products development. Study shows that USA UK pharmaceutical industry is one of the most power and successful industry sectors in the world. The main reasons behind is commitment in to RD sector. Thats in turn give sustainable and competitive advantage for more promising growth in industry and its development. Intellectual property protection is a basic strength for the success of the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry is so dependent on the patent protection, because only through strict enforceable patent protection drug companies can generate sufficient revenues. However patent protection is beneficial to inventions in the pharmaceutical industry. (Yu-Shan Chen, Ke-Chiun Chang, 2009) Opportunities Regardless of threats there is vast majority of opportunities with the help of different alliances, pharmaceutical industry can bring amazing resources and capabilities to compete threats and weakness which is now a days industry is trying to coping. New partnerships brings industry in to new market , deal with better trading , better economy opportunities , reducing cost ,and help to develop new inventions and research to compete market . One of the most important reasons for making external alliances is state of the art technologies for new products, invention and research which individual companies couldnt handle and develop by their selves from internal resources. (William W. McCutchen Jr., Paul M. Swamidass, 2004). B: Scenario planning for Global pharmaceutical industry Scenario planning methods used for nature and impact of the most certain and important driving forces our world; it is a process that encourages knowledge exchange and mutual understanding of the central issues for the future of the business. The demand is increasing for new drugs as the population rises and their medical support need increases. The process of the pharmaceutical industry can vary but the end result must be an action plan for each scenario with the following: o Environmental scan o Scenario options o Financial projections o Action plan describing how the scenario would be implemented Features of Scenario planning and effects. Advantages.  · Multiple scenarios and diverse outcomes.  · It includes various input source and helps in discussing with all the participants. Disadvantages  · Doesnt quantify the value of possible actions and lack structuring futures.  · Non rational procedures for determining the future. Over the next few years, patent expirations will represent lost revenue of between $25 billion and $50 billion which will spur strategic alliances between RD and generic companies. The industry, experts say, will see a move to specialty products to fill unmet needs and a shift from a treatment and/or cure approach to prevention while pressure to bring product costs down will likely determine which products prevail in the marketplace. (Caribbean Business, MARCH 19. 2009) Relationship Management and transportation: It is very important to ensure that there is transparency along the entire value chain and especially in the Pharmaceutical industry as it has become a Global industry. It is also very important to maintain the customer trust and also managing the good relations with the entire stakeholder. C. Identification of implication of changing business environment on pharmaceutical firms â€Å"Drug discovery companies are experiencing many important transformations, which have contributed to the uncertainty of their competitive business environment. The uncertainty is underlined by the abundance of players within the industry.† (Chaudry Dacin 1997, p. 696). Focus and Cost: Pharmaceutical industry should review all their processes to stay competitive. A strong focus on Business and on core business activities. it is the need to have strong focus of developing processes which can be suitable for using across multiple manufacturing sites. Following are the some of the points which are interlinked and have an impact of decision making process, business practices and behaviour patterns.  · Slower and more bureaucratic regulatory procedures:  · Demographic development leads to pressures for medical cost containment:  · Regional integration:  · New directions for organizing health care:  · Rise of patient as consumer:  · Introduction of new innovative technologies:  · Shorter effective product patent life:  · Centralization in drug licensing decisions D: Prevalence of ‘ethical stance in the pharmaceutical industry and its strategic implications. In 1958 the shortage of polio vaccine and negligence in the law of Cutter pharmaceutical were main ethical challenges. Meanwhile the issues of marketing practices, pricing and clinical study has grown up to till date (Offit, 2005). Physicians prescription changes the drug sales efforts and marketing of drug companies. (Katz 2003, Blumenthal 2004 As studied has shown that the drug safety and pricing were the two main ethical issues increased during 2004-2005 and observed with 114 times of drug safety which was followed by 89 times of pricing. According to the (USA today, 2005) report, 27.6 % price of 115 brand were increased in four years which raised the question regarding public perception towards waste advertisement and cost of RD. Even in United State, pharmaceutical firms were involved in pricing and marketing crimes and had to pay more than one billion dollars fine in 2003 The legalisation of importation and reimportation can be factor of drug price was another issue identified many times in Canada. Through reimportation the prescription cost can be cut for patients and helpful to control the healthcare budgets. (Flaherty and Gilbert, 2003). Reference: Chaudry, Peggy Dacin, Peter (1997): â€Å"Strategic Planning in a Regulated Trade Bloc: The Pharmaceutical Industry in the European Union.†, European Management Journal, 15:6, 686-697. Blumenthal, D. (2004), Doctors and drug companies, New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 351 No.18, pp.1885-90. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Challenges faced by thepharmaceutical industry, K. George Mooney Volume 12, Issue 4, February 2001, Pages 353-359 Global pharmaceuticals, Datamonitor publication, 2008, [accessed online] available at: www.datamonitor.com Healy, D. (2003), In the grip of the python: conflicts at the university-industry interface, Science and Engineering Ethics, Vol. 9 No.1, pp.59-71 James, H. (1993), ‘The world pharmaceutical industry 4th edition. Chapman and Hall, London, UK Bà ¡tiz-Lazo, B. and Holland, S (June 2001) Strategy and structure of the pharmaceutical industry, Open University Katz, D., Caplan, A.L., Merz, J.F. (2003), All gifts large and small: toward an understanding of the ethics of pharmaceutical industry gift-offering, American Journal of Bioethics, Vol. 3 No.3, pp.39-46. Offit, P.A. (2005), The Cutter Incident: How Americas First Polio Vaccine Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, The Journal of High Technology Management Research, Volume 15, Issue 2, August 2004, Pages 197-214, William W. McCutchen Jr., Paul M. Swamidass MISG Secretariat (2002), Pharmaceutical Industry Competitiveness Task Force: â€Å"One Year On† Report, Ministerial Industry Strategy Group, London, available at: www.doh.gov.uk /pictf/ pictfonevearon.htm Floyd, D, (2002), Investment Decisions in Eastern Europe, Floyd, D, (2002), Investment Decisions in Eastern Europe, European Business Review, Vol 12, No 2. Yu-Shan Chen, Ke-Chiun Chang .The relationship between a firms patent quality and its market value — The case of US pharmaceutical industry Technological Forecasting and Social Change, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 16 July 2009 R. Barker, M. Darnbrough . The Role of the Pharmaceutical Industry Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry II, 2007, Chapter 1.14, Pages 527-552 Micheal A. Santoro, Charting a sustainable path for the Twenty-First Centaury pharmaceutical Industry, Cambridge Univeristy Press, Pages 1 Stevens, Mark , Legal and regulatory updates. Gasson, Tony 2009, Vol. 80 Issue 5, p31-32, 2p, Ebsco publications.

Narrative Strategy in Hurstons Sweat :: Hurston Sweat Essays

Narrative Strategy in Hurston's Sweat The narrative strategy and point of view in Zora Neale Hurston's "Sweat" mold the reader's understanding of the story. They craft the personalities of both Delia and Sykes as well as developing their relationship. The choice of a third person omniscient narrator charges the story with more brutal honesty than would any other type of narration. The scene where the village men discuss Sykes and Delia holds relevance as a narrative tool and explores an alternative point of view to the narrator. The narrator draws the character sketches of both Sykes and Delia. Hurston lets us see their thoughts that allow her to develop their personalities rapidly and thoroughly. In a story of roughly only seven and a half pages Hurston manages to create vivid and complex characters. Much of this can be credited to her choice of narration. Long passages of narration mixed with the dialogue design a relationship fed on pain: " She lay awake, gazing upon the debris that cluttered their matrimonial trail. Not an image left standing along the way. Anything like flowers had long ago been drowned in the salty stream that had been pressed from her heart. Her tears, her sweat, her blood" (1675). Since the thoughts of Sykes and Delia are so different, a series of contrasts develops their relationship and personalities. Hurston's choice of narrator lends believability to the entire story and makes Delia's plight more extreme. If Delia were the one telling the story things would be quite different. The reader would not give her version of the story the same credibility he gives that of an outside narrator. It also makes the reader more sympathetic for Delia. A combination of what Delia feels and what Sykes does to her leads the reader to feel sympathetically towards her. This can be clearly seen with the addition of Bertha--the other woman in Sykes life. "Too late now to hope for love, even if it were not Bertha it would be someone else " (1675). What happens to her seems truthful and real which directs the reader's expected reaction to the story. The scene where the men of the town discuss Delia and Sykes rounds the view of the characters. In this passage perhaps the most significant lines in the story can be found: "There's plenty men dat takes a wife lak dey do a joint uh sugarcane.

Fight Club Essay -- Movie Film

Fight Club Starring: Brad Pitt, Edward Norton, Helena Bonham-Carter, Meatloaf Director: David Fincher Writer: Jim Uhls Based on Novel By: Chuck Palahniuk Studio: Fox Studio Rating: R 18+ Genre: Action, Thriller Running Time: 139 minutes approx. Filming Locations: Los Angeles and California Special Effects: Many of the visual effects in Fight Club have been overshadowed by effect-based movies (LOTR, The Matrix) but upon closer examination I found that they were perfect in their own right. They depicted a chaotic sense of disengagement, not only from society but also from oneself. Two of the most technically advanced shot were CGIs (computer generated enhancements) of Jack’s IKEA apartment. One was a tracking shot, entering through the door and circling his apartment before zooming to a macro shot of the back of his fridge, that apparently contained a gas leak that in turn led to the demise of his apartment. The other apartment-based shot was almost comical, a shot circling through his apartment labelling his designer furniture and appliances, not unlike a magazine catalogue. Although not a breakthrough in the world of visual effects, when combined with the atmosphere of Jacks cynical, mundane voiceovers and brilliant cinematography it makes for an enchanting shot that gives a ver y true to life insight of the average material-bound American male. Cinematography: Jack realises that Tyler was a creation of his own mind, in a feeble attempt to finally free himself from the restraints society places on him, a 360 ° pan circles him, getting more erratic and destabilised as it finally sinks in. Diversity is the key to Fight Clubs style of cinematography, in every aspect from the shot itself, to its point of view. From observing a security television monitor displaying Jack, coming to terms with his inner demon to Jack in a state of euphoria, were he is introduced to his power animal, a CG penguin that tells Jack simply to â€Å"slide†. In another standout sequence Tyler gives Jack a severe chemical burn, and in hope of dismissing his raging pain Jack begins to mediate, where he refers back to his power animal before being slapped in the face and told â€Å"Stay with the pain, I’m giving you the f*ing experience of your life and your drifting in Tibet†. He attempts to meditate again, and the viewer is subjected to a breathtak ing contrast ... ... misunderstood. This film is not only entertaining but it also raised public awareness. No doubt many people will buy into Tyler’s extremist point of view, if only for a short amount of time, but in this time they will understand what many people from all over the world feel constantly, an urge to fight authority, an urge to be individual and stop following the mainstream. Tyler’s ideals may be summarised in one quote, â€Å"You cannot truly be free until you’ve lost everything†. This philosophy is perfect in theory; you are ridding yourself of restricting material possessions and all other things that bind you into society. Unfortunantly life isn’t all theory and when an individual does lose everything they feel anything but free. This film was a wake up call to me and hopefully to many others, not only about the over importance we place on material possessions and the power they have over us, but the restraints that society places on us as wel l. Conclusion: A film worth seeing no matter what the occasion, Fight Club has a serious philosophical meaning for the deeper audiences and could still keep a person with the attention span of an ant entertained viewing after viewing.

One Small Pill for Womankind: One Big Dose for the U.S. Essay -- Healt

Gregory Goodwin Pincus created the birth control pill stimulating a new tidal wave of women's rights movements. From one small pill, new channels that had been dammed down to a trickle became a mighty flood again. With the ability to prevent pregnancy without risking a dangerous abortion women found the strength to fight against male-dominated areas that were still left untouched from the first series of movements by their predecessors. From how long they stayed in the workforce to the freedom of their sexuality to changing laws and stepping up for their rights, women came alive again with renewed ferocity. Women and the workforce met in few places, for only brief time and very rarely in the general public eye. If seen in the public eye they were with their male counterpart, their husbands or fathers. In the 1960s because it was legal and acceptable within society, companies openly discriminated against women based on their sex. â€Å"In 1961 there were 454 federal civil-service-job categories for college graduates, and more than 200 of them were restricted to male candidates† (Collin 7). Women were not doctors, if they were so inclined even after counseling they were advised and directed to towards taking a position as pediatrician. They were not lawyers and even those that were legally lawyers infrequently practiced because of the extreme lack of hiring firms, instead they would become clerks and secretaries. Their jobs only consisted of labor, only if a farmer's wife or daughter (Collin 6) or when the country was at war and all the men were unavailable and not wanting for the position. â€Å"There was, for all practical purposes, a national consensus that women could not be airplane pilots, firefights, television news anchors, c... ...950s† (17). Women, especially single women, found uncharted freedom of being able to find pleasure in their sexual activity that twenty, even five years ago would have been thought of as absurd and unlikely (MacLean 17). In 1966, the National Organization for Women (NOW) a civil rights group for women formed (MacLean 14) started with just one thousand members but its size grew to an incredible four hundred thousand by 1974 (MacLean 16). NOW originally was mainly focused on equal opportunity for women in the workplace but they also fought for â€Å"maternity leave and child care; equal education; a woman's rights to control her own fertility; and passage of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)...† MacLean 16). A new generation of activists was born and much like the women before them they began to realize the the abundance of â€Å"'sexism' (a word they coined)'† (MacLean 16).

Audit plan †Accounts Receivable and Notes Receivable Audit Procedures Essay

1. Obtain an aged trial balance of individual customer accounts. Recalculate the total and trace to the general ledger control account. 2. Review the aging for large and unusual items. 3. Send confirmations to all accounts over $X. Select a random sample of all remaining accounts for confirmation. a.i.1.a.i.1.a. Investigate exceptions reported by customers. a.i.1.a.i.1.b. Perform alternative procedures on accounts that do not respond to positive confirmation requests. a.i.1.a.i.1.b.i. Vouch cash receipts after the confirmation date for subsequent payment. a.i.1.a.i.1.b.ii. Vouch sales invoices and shipping documents. 4. Evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. a. Vouch a sample of current amounts in the aged trial balance to sales invoices to determine whether amounts aged current should be aged past due. b. Compare the current-year write-off experience to the prior-year allowance. c. Vouch cash receipts after the balance sheet date for collections on past-due accounts. d. Obtain financial statements or credit reports and discuss with the credit manager collections on large past-due accounts. e. Calculate an allowance estimate using prior relations of write-offs and sales, taking under consideration current economic events. Notes Receivable 5. Review the bank confirmations, loan agreements, and minutes of the board for indications of pledged, discounted, or assigned receivables. 6. Inspect or obtain confirmation of notes receivable. 7. Recalculate interest income and trace to the income account. 8. Obtain written client representations regarding pledge, discount, or assignment of receivables, and about receivables from officers, directors, affiliates, or other related parties. 9. Review the adequacy of control over recording of all charges to customers (completeness)-audited in the sales transaction test of controls audit plan.

Chronic Wasting Disease in Deer

How would you like to see a fourteen point buck in your crossaires with a body of a sick dog? Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is destroying deer in the United States. Mule Deer, Whitetail Deer, Shiras Moose, and Rocky Mountain Elk are the only four susceptible to CWD. Once pronounced with Chronic Waste Disease there is no going back. Chronic Wasting Disease in Mule deer ( Odocolleus Hemronus), For more than thirty years, has been a clinical syndrome. The origin of CWD is not known, and because of this, the truth about how CWD aose may neve be identified.The government and science studies do know CDW is a transmissible spongiform Encepholopathy (TSE) of Cervids. Cervids is another way to say hoofed mammals. From 1967 to 2002 CWD spread across the U. S and even entered New Mexico. In 2002 the 1st International CWD symposium was brought together. Held in Denver, Colorado the meeting had a variety of professions attend. Wildlife biologist, pathologists, veterinarians, university scientists . Natural resource administrators, and the press met to discuss CWD.The group tied to figure out a way to test Cervids, but no inexpensive solution was concluded. The symposium also concluded that this would effect hunters perception toward the game. There are many clinical signs to show if a cervid is infected with CWD. The biggest is loss of body condition. Cervids are very bony looking. They show a wide stance, and subtle ataxia (incoordination). They are in the stage of somnolence (sleep/drowsy), and carry their heads lowered. The food consumption lowers dramatically, which leads to poor body condition.The time period of death is anywhere from a couple days to a year, but most commonly a few weeks to several months. If a person spots a Cervid with these symptoms the person is to report it to the DNR. Today there is no cure or treatment for Cervids with Chronic Wasting Disease. The situation is problematic, and scientists are trying to find a way to prevent CWD. Many tests are co mbined, surveillance being the largest, to try and find the most affected areas with CWD. To this point there is no answer to eliminating CWD.The positive side is since 1970 to the present there is no concluding evidence of human effects from CWD. Across the United States there are stations located in many cities to test Cervids for CWD if found by a Person. This goes about the long-fetched destination to stop CWD. The DNR is trying to crack down on CWD and find the highly concentrated areas. The finish line may be out of sight, but the constant track to the end will stay stable. Once pronounced with Chronic Wasting Disease there is no going back.This disease has scientists stumped to where it was originated. Cervids affected with CWD only have a few weeks to months to live, and the cure is off sight at this point. If CWD turns for the worse in the future it could extremely effect one of the biggest American games, hunting. With all the organizations and assemblies helping to try an d figure out a concluding cure to the disease, they are hoping to try and stop CWD in the near future, but at this point that near future is looking far-fetched.