Impact of Democratic Principles and Policies Application on War Essay

Impact of Democratic Principles and Policies Application on War Incidence - Essay Example This essay provides a comprehensive analysis in order to establish the specific impact of democracy, as well as economic integration and international institutions, on the prevention of wars. It also aims to establish, how the application of these democratic concepts affects the actual occurrence of war and of any other violent encounters within and among states. Human history has been riddled with various incidents of violence and wars. Wars have had causes, including poverty, social stratification, ethnic differences, as well as political differences. Wars have been seen within states, but mostly, it has involved one or more countries. Liberals argue that various instruments – democracy, economic integration, and international institutions – make wars less likely. They argue that where people have more freedom, they are less likely to take arms against the government or other countries; where they are more economically coordinated with each other, they are also less likely to declare wars against each other; and where international institutions are in place, the incidence of wars can be reduced or even eliminated. Others are however not convinced of these possible preventive measures for wars. Democratic pacifism seems to be the main basis of the contention that democracy makes wars less likely. Its ideas are based on the following premises: democracies rarely if ever go to war against each other; democracies tend to be more peaceful than dictatorships; democracies tend to have less internal violence.

Nursing and the healthcare skills and qualifications Essay

Nursing and the healthcare skills and qualifications - Essay Example ient care and patient needs in such a way that it shows the respect of the healthcare provider for the personal, social, and political beliefs of the patient. By doing so, the healthcare provider will be able to administer the proper healthcare services to the patient and also earn the patients trust and loyalty due to the respect that has been shown for his or her beliefs in life. It is important to remember that a nurse must first and foremost, be conscious of the people around her and the patient. Being on the front line of patient care, a nurse will often find himself or herself spending more time speaking to the patient and his family members than the primary care physician ever will. As such, the nurse is in a unique position to facilitate the speedy recovery of the patient and also help ease the anxiety of the family. Oftentimes, the family members and patients will be anxious, afraid, embarrassed or distressed about their health situation, so they need a professional who can show them the respect, sensitivity,and empathy that they require throughout the time of the patient in the hospital. By doing so, the nurse will be able to help ease the psychological stress that everyone in the family is undergoing. Basically, being a nurse is a social job. It requires the nurse to be able to communicate effectively with family members. Putting them at ease whenever necessary and ensuring that she or he can help bridge the communication gap that often transpires between the patient, family members, and the doctor in charge. Sometimes, it is a thankless job, but the reward for the nurse comes at the end when the patient gets better and finally goes home to his family. Keep in mind that modern day nurses now hold a position of importance in the patient care community that rivals that of the doctors. The evolution of the job description has changed so much since the time of Florence Nightingale that nurses today no longer just sit by the sidelines, awaiting

Transhumanism: Biotechnology and its Role in the Singularity

Transhumanism: Biotechnology and its Role in the Singularity BY SHAYMA ABUKAR ABSTRACT   Ã‚   Due to rapid advances in technology, our world is slowly progressing to the point where we may surpass human limitations. This report will aim to focus on the developments of biotechnology and its importance in the achieving this post-human state, as well as its role in reaching a hypothetical singularity. It will also follow the goals of transhumanism and the ethics related to genetic engineering. It is clear that if we are to achieve transhumanist goals, through the aid of, not just AI, but also biotechnology, life as we know will be vastly different. All research conducted for this report is secondary and data was retrieved from journals, scientific magazines and online articles[DS1]. INTRODUCTION What is transhumanism? With life becoming more and more efficient through emerging technologies, humanity is struggling to keep up with our rate of progression. Transhumanists belong to a group that believe we will one day enhance ourselves to the point of being post-human. Transhumanism can be defined as the belief or theory that the human race can evolve beyond its current physical and mental limitations, especially by means of science and technology. (Oxford Dictionary 2016). Its a movement that believes that, through genetic engineering, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, etc., humanity will progress to a point of surpassing human limitations such as death, disease and other biological frailties (McNamee and Edwards 2006). The three main goals of transhumanism are achieving super-longevity, super-intelligence, and super-wellbeing. These goals can be achieved through our rapid technological advancements. Super-longevity is becoming more and more likely with our ever advancing medicine and drug development. Through genetic engineering and genome editing, scientists are now able to cure what were once incurable diseases[DS2]. Transhumanists generally fall into two categories: strong and weak. Weak transhumanists believe that technology should be used to simply enhance humanity, whether that be intelligence, appearance, life span, etc. (Strong Transhumanism | Ethical Issues In Health Care 2014). Strong transhumanists on the other hand have the radical belief that technology should be used to develop humans to another species all together. The ideas advocated by weak transhumanists are already accepted by many in todays world, and the development of drugs and nanotechnology to help solve medical issues is already seen as ethical by a majority. Strong transhumanist goals to develop a new species entirely, on the other hand, is met with accusations that its unethical and unlikely to happen. SINGULARITY Transhumanists generally discuss the concept of the singularity, which can be defined in various ways. In the mathematical world, a singularity is the point at which a function takes an infinite value. However, in regards to technological advancement, the singularity is most commonly defined as a hypothetical moment in time when artificial intelligence and other technologies have become so advanced that humanity undergoes a dramatic and irreversible change (The Best Definition Of Singularity 2016 ). The concept of the singularity is seen as either thrilling or daunting. Whilst techno-optimists believe it is sure to happen in the near future, those skeptical of the singularity and transhumanism believe that it is either impossible, or sure to do more harm than good. In an article on The AI revolution (Urban, T 2015), Tim Urban discusses the concept of DPU (Die Progress Unit). He introduces it as a measure of how far into the future an individual would have to travel before they die of shock due to the vastly developed and technologically advanced environments (relative to their time). Bringing a man from 1750 to 2016 would expose him to technology far beyond comprehensible to someone of his time, thus shocking him to the point of death. His DPU, therefore, is achieved in merely a few hundred years. However, in order for a DPU to be achieved in 1750, the person would have to travel a lot further back, to 12,000 BC. The man from 12,000 BC would then die of shock after experiencing civilisation and the more complex architecture of 1750[DS3]. As Kevin Kelly from Wired magazine stated, all change in the last million years will be superseded by the change in the next 5 minutes. The article suggests that the rate of our advancements are staggering, and as much as AI plays an important role in reaching the singularity, genetic engineering methods and biotechnology have begun to make just as large an impact. Scientists are growing increasingly worried that genome editing is moving too fast for humanity to catch up. Biotechnology plays a key role in achieving this hypothetical event that is so often discussed amongst transhumanists, and development of this technology will allow humans to alter their genome with precision and ease. The more advanced this technology becomes, the easier it will be to effectively surpass human limitations and for life to be transformed beyond recognition. In order for this to be widely accepted, it will need to be used for medical purposes only. GENE EDITING   Ã‚   One of the ways biotechnology is advancing our bodies and developing medical methods is through gene editing or genome editing. Gene editing can be described as the process of inserting, deleting or replacing areas of DNA within an organisms genome. This is done using molecular enzymes that act as molecular scissors (Editing Our DNA With Molecular Scissors | Understanding Genetics). This technology has incredible medical applications and may be used, in the future, to cure a vast number of diseases. Other applications of biotechnology include gene therapy and genetic screening, which both help solve medical issues. DNA is a cells genetic material and consists of a sugar phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases, and it forms a double helix structure[DS4]. These nitrogenous bases make up nucleotides which carry the genetic data (Whats A Genome?). These nucleotides make up what is known as the genome. An organisms genome contains all of its genetic data thus containing all the information needed to build and maintain that organism. By finding methods and techniques to edit and change parts of our genome, we can effectively cure genetic diseases and medical problems. In 2003, a collaborative group of international scientists completed what is known as the Human Genome Project (What Is A Genome?). Coordinated by the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Energy, the project sought to sequence an entire human genome. By achieving this, it paved the way for new genetic technologies and techniques to be developed[DS5]. Scientists have previously struggled to find a method of genome editing that is safe for human use, however, the development of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) has proven that it is now possible to genetically engineer our genome without damaging our DNA (Zhang, S 2015[DS6]). CRISPR is a component of a bacterias immune system that recognises and remembers threatening areas of viruses (known as phages) in order to equip itself to defend against them is they were to attack again. It also involves an enzyme called Cas which then precisely cuts the viruss DNA and prevents it from dividing. This intelligent mechanism now allows scientists to accurately and precisely edit and cut out parts of DNA. The specific enzyme used is known as Cas9, and whilst its responsible for snipping parts of the DNA, it works to edit the genome with CRISPR, which is a collection of DNA sequences telling Cas9 where to cut. CRISPR is already being used as a possible treatment for eye diseases in animals and lung cancer in their first human trials (Le Page, M 2016). Scientists are using the technique to remove immune cells from the body, edit their DNA to make the better at killing cancer cells, then put them back. The rate at which gene editing is progressing is far beyond the expectations of many, and will continue to be developed at a staggering rate. As this progresses, the concept of the singularity begins to be more of a reality. Although CRISPRs merits currently lie within its medical applications, scientists are already figuring out ways to use it to understand the human genome and molecular biology as a whole. Another form of genome editing is TALEN (transcription activator-like effector proteins). These proteins, like CRISPR, also come from bacteria and use its adaptive immunity to edit areas of the genome. The first medical application of TALEN was on an 11-month old girl who suffered acute lymphoblastic leukemia which is a form of cancer of white blood cells. The mechanism was used to extract T cells, genetically alter them, then insert them back into the body so they can better fight against the cancerous cells (TALEN-Based Genome Editing | Thermo Fisher Scientific). ETHICAL, FINANCIAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Opinions on transhumanism and the use of biotechnology differ between varying groups of people. Some of the concerns regarding transhumanism and its goal of super-longevity is due to the possibility of over population. Whilst many believe that the medical applications of biotechnology and genetic engineering do well to extend our life spans and prevent us succumbing to diseases, there are some who fear that our world would not be able to withstand increasingly large populations of people. It would have social and financial implications. It is seen as unethical once the technology is no longer used solely for medical purposes, but to extend our life span in the absence of disease. Religious groups of people also believe that transhumanism interferes too much with human nature and what God has created. If we were to use our technology to become a new species entirely, as strong transhumanists believe will happen, then it would mean religious beliefs would be compromised, therefore many are against the ideology (Messerly, J 2015). CONCLUSION The faster we develop biotechnology, the more efficient our methods of curing diseases become and therefore, we are able to use genetic engineering methods to achieve a longer life span. As well as achieving super-longevity, biotechnology can also aid us in developing ourselves to the point of becoming post-human, which may then lead to the singularity. Whilst these techniques and developments have positive medical applications, the rate at which we are progressing is so fast, that its difficult to predict the turnout of our actions and advancements. It may lead to unethical consequences and results that favour strong transhumanists, as opposed to weak transhumanists. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thank you to Amelia and Nuffield for arranging this placement, and thank you to Dekkel and Andre for supporting and guiding us along the way, and providing up with useful resources. REFERENCES Editing Our DNA With Molecular Scissors | Understanding Genetics. Genetics.thetech.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. Messerly, John. Transhumanism And Religion. Ieet.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. Strong Transhumanism | Ethical Issues In Health Care. Scholarblogs.emory.edu. N.p., 2014. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. TALEN-Based Genome Editing | Thermo Fisher Scientific. Thermofisher.com. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. The Best Definition Of Singularity. Singularitysymposium.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. Urban, Tim. The Artificial Intelligence Revolution: Part 1 Wait But Why. Wait But Why. N.p., 2015. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. What Is A Genome?. Genetics Home Reference. N.p., 2016. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. Whats A Genome?. Genomenewsnetwork.org. N.p., 2016. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. Zhang, Sarah. Gizmodo.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. Le Page, Michael. New Scientist N.p., 2016. Mag. 1 Sep.t 2016. The new genetic lottery. New scientist N.p., 2016. Mag. 1 Sept. 2016. Does Evolution Lead To Singularity?. Singularity Weblog. N.p., 2015. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. Gene Editing. Horizondiscovery.com. N.p., 2016. Web. 1 Sept. 2016. [DS1]Good. [DS2]Good points, but need to be support with a reference. [DS3]Good. [DS4]Source needed [DS5]This paragraph is riddled with great points, but referencing sources will give it much more credibility [DS6]Good.

Ethnography Essay -- Writing Literature Essays

Ethnography One of the most complex and interesting aspects of cultural anthropology is the ethnography. The idea of being able to read stories about groups of individuals is something that is intriguing to many people. With the ethnography, the authors many times feel that they have control and understanding over the individuals that they are writing about. Furthermore, many of these authors assume that the individuals among whom they are living and studying exemplify the entire society as a whole. Ethnographers have used many different means of establishing their ethnographic authority. One such method is the use of reflexivity in the ethnography. Ethnographers such as Renato Rosaldo in his work Culture and Truth: The Remaking of Social Analysis and Bronislaw Malinowski in his work Argonauts of the Western Pacific assume their authority through the use of reflexivity. On the other hand, there are authors such as George E. Marcus in his work Ethnography Through Thick and Thin, who explain that reflexivity should be used as a means of demonstrating that one cannot assert such authority, and Dorinne Kondo, in her work Dissolution and Reconstruction of Self: Implications for Anthropological Epistemology, who use reflexivity to make a distinction between the ethnographer's role in the field, and the ethnographer’s role when writing the ethnography. There are many different interpretations on the meaning of reflexivity. One such interpretation is given by George Marcus in his work Ethnography Through Thick and Thin. In defining one aspect of his interpretation, Marcus states that reflexivity is â€Å"the label used in common currency to stand for possible but as-yet unrealized alternatives in the production of ethnography†(Marcus ... ...serting their authority over the individuals in which they lived among. Whether reflexivity is used as something that is positive, or something that is negative, depends on the ethnographer. In essence, reflexivity is a method that when used in ethnography, is a tool that can be used to the ethnographer’s advantage, and how they use reflexivity is to their own discretion. Works Cited Kondo, Dorinne K. â€Å"Dissolution and Reconstitution of Self: Implications for Anthropological Epistemology.† Cultural Anthropology. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986. Malinowski, Bronislaw. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1984. Marcus, George E. Ethnography Through Thick and Thin. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998. Rosaldo, Renato. Culture and Truth: The Remaking of Social Analysis. Boston: Beacon Press, 1993.

Life Cycle Analysis for Brick

Life Cycle Analysis For Brick 1Materials are very important in construction industry because with the combination of different material, we can create a very strong and unique building form. There are many type of material that commonly used in the construction industry, for example the glass, woods, bricks, stones, marble, concretes and etc. Brick is one of the most commonly used materials in Malaysia, because almost every house in housing area was built by bricks. From this essay I want to give analysis about the brick life cycle included its origin and how the brick being used after the end of its life cycle. 2Brick was appeared since the beginning of the civilization, which is the ancient Mesopotamia around 8000 BC. (Think Brick Australia 2007) The thick clay and mud leave by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers was reinforced with straw and shaped into brick and then dried in the sun. Bricks were glazed in a variety of colours as the time progressed and used to decorate the facades of the ziggurat, or temple towers, built as stairways to and for the Gods. In the end, people started to realize that when the wooden houses burned and the brick on the remaining chimneys had been strengthened, so fire-hardened bricks began to replace adobe ones in India and the Middle East. And the Romans used kiln-burned brick in conjunction with an efficient mortar of lime and volcanic ash to construct buildings that were both beautiful and last longer. Think Brick Australia 2007) 3Brick is a masonry unit of clay, formed into a rectangular prism while plastic and hardened by firing in a kiln. The manufacture of bricks is used easily workable and clayey materials and the materials are avoided to contain any large hard components or lumps of lime, this is to avoid crack and split of the brick. We can obtain clay on the surface of the ground. There are three principal form of clay used to manufactured clay brick which are surface clay, shales, and fire clays. The surface clays is sedimentary clays which found near the surface of the earth, shales is clay that have been subjected to high pressures until they have hardened almost to the form of slate, and the fire clays is clays which have found deeper in the ground than other types and to have refractory qualities. These three principal forms of clays have similar chemical compositions but appear in different physical. The clays can easily be found and to extract because usually we can find it in the ground surface. After the clay has been extract from the ground, it covered with water, usually used to be work by hand with special hoe. There are several processes to form a brick which are soft mud process, stiff mud process and dry-press process. (Ching and Adams 2001, 12. 06) The soft mud process refers to forming brick by molding relatively wet clay having a moisture content of 20 percent to 30 percent. (Ching and Adams 2001, 12. 06) The Stiff mud process refers to forming brick and structural tile by extruding stiff but plastic clay having moisture content of 12 percent to 15 percent and then the de-airing machine will removes air and eliminating holes and bubbles in the clay. Ching and Adams 2001, 12. 06) After that the clay is force through die and cutting the extrusion to length with wires before to heat the finish in the kiln. The dry-press process refers to forming brick by molding relatively dry or low plasticity clay which having moisture content of 5 percent to 7 percent under high pressure, the resulting of this process is sharp-edged, smooth-surfaced bricks. (Ching and Adams 2001, 12. 06) 4The most imp ortant step to form a stronger brick is through the drying and firing process. There are three different kinds generally used the humidity system of drying can be applied to any type of dryer, as the term humidity drying represents a process rather than a form of structural design. Humidity drying may be divided into three stages: first is the heating stage, during which the clay is gradually heated up in an atmosphere of relatively high humidity, this prevents excessive cracking or distorting on the face of the brick. After that is the drying period, in which the air is heated to a maximum temperature for the clay being dried, the humidity is gradually decreased to allow the clay to dry uniformly all the way through. And the third which is the cooling stage, in which the temperature is gradually decreased to uniformity. The clay is not fully dried when placed in the kiln. Hygroscopic water is not driven off at ordinary temperatures or even at the boiling point of water. In fact, the temperature often rises quite a bit above the boiling point before the water is completely evolved. The watersmoking is accomplished by fire in the kiln furnaces. Wood is frequently used for this purpose, to avoid sooting. In the watersmoking eriod it is desired to heat up the brick, evaporate and remove the moisture, and to accomplish this successfully, it is very necessary that draft be strong. The watersmoking is the most critical point in the life of the brick. The process must be carried very slowly the water in coming out of the clay may crack the surface. After the watersmoking is completed, the temperature is increase to that required in oxidation. Oxidation begins in the later stages of vitrification, but the greater part occurs between the temperatures of 800oF and 1300oF. At this stage most of the impurities are given off and the metals constituting the clay are changed to their respective oxides. The highest temperature reached at this point is usually near 2000oF. 5Brick grade designates the durability of a brick unit when exposed to weathering. The United States is divided into three weathering regions, severe, moderate, and negligible, according to annual winter rainfall and the annual number of freezing-cycle days. (Ching and Adams 2001, 12. 6) Brick is graded for use in each region according to compressive strength, maximum water absorption, and maximum saturation coefficient. The three grades are SW is brick suitable for exposure to severe weathering, as when in contact with the ground or used on surfaces likely to be permeated with water in subfreezing temperatures; minimum compressive strength of 17238 kPa. (Ching and Adams 2001, 12. 06) MW is brick suitable for exposure to moderate weathering, as when used above grade on surfaces unlikely to be permeated with water in subfreezing temperatures; minimum compressive strength of 15169 kPa. Ching and Adams 2001, 12. 06) NW is brick suitable for exposure to negligible weathering, as when used as a backup or interior masonry; minimum compressive strength of 18243 kPa. (Ching and Adams 2001, 12. 06) 6The manual production of the bricks involves mainly four operations namely, soil preparation, moulding, drying and firing. The main process in which energy is consumed is firing of bricks. The amount of total coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes depending upon the weather condition, quality of coal, etc. A tonne of coal gives about 12. 3MJ to 13. 3MJ depending upon the quality of the coal generally transported from far off distances. (Gumaste n. d. ) The energy required to produce each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5 MJ per brick. (Gumaste n. d. ) Advantage of using bricks One of the advantages of using brick to build building is because brick is a high thermal mass material, it absorb heat throughout the day and release it slowly at night, this is ensuring internal temperatures are consistent throughout the day and night. The result is we’re able to have comfortable and healthy living and working environment in which to enjoy stable temperatures throughout the year. Brick building also very sustainable because they highly durable, offer long term life performance, low maintenance, and energy efficient and recyclable. But bricks have been labeled as having high embodied energy due to their process of manufacture. However, in measuring sustainability it is necessary to take into account a material’s life cycle performance, s well as the amount of energy consumed in the manufacturing process. And a recent research by think brick demonstrates that the proportion of embodied energy of clay bricks for the modern semi-detached home is equal to just 1. 87 percent of the over all heating requirement for the home over its 150 year life. Moreover during the manufacture of brick, very little clay is wasted, and those unfired waste clay is reused in the manufacturing process and less than perfect fired bricks are crushed and used as a aggregates in other parts of the building industry. In conclusion, brick has a very high embodied energy during manufacture, especially in the firing system which required many of the energy to burn the brick, but it is highly durable, offer long term life performance and low maintenance so it is very suitable as a material to built the long stay building. Reference list: Berge, B and Trans. 2000. The Ecology of Building Materials. London: Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd. Ching, F. D. K. , and C. Adams. 2001. Building construction ill ustrated. 3rd ed. Toronto: John Wiley & sons Inc. Gumaste, K. S. n. d. Embodied energy computations in buildings. http://www. ese. iitb. ac. in/aer2006_files/papers/144. pdf (accessed September 24, 2008) Simmons, H. L. 2001. Construction Principles Materials and Methods. 7th edition. New York: John Willey and Sons Inc. Think Brick Australia. 2007. Why choose Brick? Sustainability. http://www. thinkbrick. com. au/thinking-brick/why-brick/sustainability_home/sustainability_home. cfm (accessed October 10, 2008). Think Brick United Kingdom. 2007. Why Brick? http://www. brick. org. uk/about-us/why-use-brick. html (accessed on September 24, 2008)

Analysis of Act 1 Scene 7 from Shakespeare’s Macbeth Essay

This extract is from act one scene seven. This is when Macbeth gives his soliloquy on stage, right after Duncan arrives and is invited into their house by Lady Macbeth. The setting is still in Macbeth’s castle at Inverness. He is confused as to whether to kill Duncan or not. This scene is mainly about Macbeth giving his soliloquy where he shows his dilemma on whether he should kill Duncan or not. His wife Lady Macbeth accuses Macbeth of being a coward and that she herself would want to kill Duncan or at least pass on her evil ideas to Macbeth. Macbeth feels very emotional about killing Duncan as he feels that they are kinsmen and that Duncan has high regard for Macbeth. He is also doubtful that they might be caught in the process and that they will be in a worse off situation. Lady Macbeth brainwashes him and at last gets him to listen to her. There is a main theme in this scene that is that whether Macbeth should kill or not kill his king Duncan, who also happened to be his guest. Macbeth’s conscience comes over him and he feels that he should not commit this horrendous deed while his wife teases him about his weakness and cowardice. This is when Macbeth decides once in for all that he will kill Duncan as Macbeth has nothing to argue with Lady Macbeth so he listens to her. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s relationship is very strong. Macbeth is a very weak and cowardice man when compared to his wife as she is outgoing and is very strong. Macbeth is a brave and strong warrior but his emotions and his conscience make him very weak and frail. This causes him to have doubts on whether he should kill his king or not. There is a lot of imagery in this scene of the play. First there is all the dark imagery which portrays the evil in the book. There is also Macbeth’s ambition which is portrayed as a horse in the statement â€Å"Vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself†. There is also some child imagery in the line â€Å"And pity, like a naked newborn babe†. There is once again the reversal of values in the last line â€Å"False face must hide what the false heart doth know†. The dramatic effect in this scene is very high as in most of the other  scenes. There is a heightened suspense of whether Macbeth will choose to kill Duncan or not. The audience is made to believe that Macbeth will not kill Duncan, but Lady Macbeth brainwashes Macbeth towards the end and he decides to kill Duncan and take the throne. This scene should be enacted on a very dark and gloomy setting where there is a lot of echo. This gives the audience the effect of evil in the set. If this scene is performed well the audience will be struck by the seriousness and the suspense of the scene. This scene is very important in the whole play as this scene shows the faithfulness of Macbeth towards Duncan. This scene also shows the good side of Macbeth. The audience is shown that Lady Macbeth was one of the main motives behind pushing Macbeth towards murdering Duncan.

What makes you shudder And what are your commitments

What makes you shudder And what are your commitments Grammar Geeks I belong to a LinkedIn group called Grammar Geeks, where one of the most popular discussions right now, with 269 comments, is â€Å"What Makes You Shudder?†Ã‚   Each of these 269 entries contains someone’s comment (or more often complaint) about a grammar gaffe. At first I was interested in some of the conversations†¦Ã‚   but quickly, the conversation itself was the thing making me shudder.   In fact, I began to shudder each time another member of the group posted a complaint.   Even the word â€Å"shudder† began to make me shudder! from toonpool.com My shuddering at the shuddering forced me to look at my own way of being around grammatical errors.   Do people shudder when I let them know I am shuddering? A Turning Point for The Essay Expert At Unleash the Power Within, the Tony Robbins seminar I attended recently, I discovered multiple errors in the handouts we were given.   Believing I could make a contribution, I brought some of these errors to the attention of one of the staff.   This man pointed out, quite correctly, that the errors certainly did not prevent people from signing up for programs – in particular the ones that cost $10,000. â€Å"Why do you care so much about this?† he asked.   â€Å"Why is your focus on finding things that are wrong?† And â€Å"What would like be like if you started finding things right?† I took his comment seriously, and perhaps it was the corresponding self-reflection that had me shuddering at the relentless list of grammar complaints populating the Grammar Geeks conversation. A Shudder-Free Life?   Finding my Commitment Have I stopped shuddering at the things that have traditionally made me shudder?   Well, no.   But I am putting more attention on my commitment to effective expression in the world. I am also considering that there are bigger problems in the world to shudder about if I want to shudder – like the way we treat our environment, and the failures of our mental health system, and the hunger that still exists in the world side by side with opulence. And I still care deeply about clarity in writing and other verbal expression.   My job is to help people and companies say what they want to say, powerfully and precisely.   When I write, or when I edit someone else’s writing, I care that the final result is moving, compelling, and result-producing. Often grammatical correctness is required to produce an intended result.   An error in a resume, cover letter, or college application can be the difference between acceptance or rejection, an interview or no interview.   It can change someone’s life – maybe someone who is destined to find a cure for cancer, or discover new treatments for mental illness, or advocate for environmental issues (I have worked with people doing all of these things). As for the shudderers, I believe there is something to be gained from acceptance.   Not everyone will write or speak perfectly all the time, and I can accept them for who they are rather than putting distance between us with a shudder.   I think I’ll listen for the meaning of their words instead.   Because even with a grammatical error or two, I can hear what people are saying loud and clear. 🙂 I often adjust my grammar to match the situation Im in. On the streets of Brooklyn, I ask for directions by saying, Wheres the post office at? and on a dentists intake form recently changed Whom should we thank? to Who should we thank? because it just sounds more normal to the general public. Log in to Reply Judy Cullins says: September 2, 2011 at 5:35 pm I say focus on meaning and did the information enlighten you? I get a few gripes on my editiing when the meaning is clear. why do these kinds subscribe to my 170 blog posts and books when the only thing they say to me is This is a grammatical error. They miss my humor and the picture. Certainly, if they read my body of work, they would think amazing, not grammar minutia. Log in to Reply Judy Cullins says: September 2, 2011 at 5:36 pm I meant to say the BIG picture. I love blogs with humor! Log in to Reply Penelope J. says: September 6, 2011 at 3:39 pm Im afraid that I find it hard to compromise. Writers should learn, among other things, to use correct grammar and punctuation. Its a sign of respect for their readers. If there are grammatical errors, as someone above pointed out, there may be other more important mistakes in the content. Some popular bloggers maintain that its their creativity and content that count, and not their grammar. Why focus on whats wrong? is the usual retort when you point out, for example, that the possessive its does not have an apostrophe. Little do they realize how many of their so-called readers are turned off by or not reading their posts anymore for this very reason. However, spoken English is another matter. People can speak it the way they like. Anyway, the language/lingo is changing so much that almost anything is acceptable. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: September 6, 2011 at 4:41 pm Thanks Penelope. I admit that while I hold high standards for myself and for other writers, I also know that there are fewer and fewer great writers out there. Hey, not everyone can have The Essay Expert edit their writing, as much as I would like to take that on! My intention is to be forgiving while not relaxing my standards. Quite a trick! Log in to Reply

Superman and Me Essays

Superman and Me Essays Superman and Me Paper Superman and Me Paper Sherman Alexie, Superman and Me In Sherman Alexies essay, Superman and Me, he uses repetition and extended metaphors to transition from a personal to social level as he illustrates his poor childhood, and how reading saves his and others lives. The essay is introduced with the Superman comic books that taught Alexie how to read. He uses the repetition of l cannot recall to explain that he does not recall the exact details of what he read but the idea of reading. He then contrasts this by stating what he can remember being a Spokane Indian boy living with his family on the Spokane Indian Reservation. This contrast is continued by emphasizing that his amily was poor by most standards and that they lived on irregular paychecks, hope, fear, and government surplus food. This creates more insight into Alexies childhood and situation. The comparison between the Superman comic books and Alexies family draws attention to his love for reading, although his family could barely afford books for him. The following paragraph go es further into depth about how Alexies acquired his love for reading and how that affected the way he saw the world. He, again, uses repetition to illustrate the vast library of books he read, bought, and the amount that could be found all around his home. For instance, he read books such as westerns, spy thrillers, murder mysteries and anything else he could find. This continues to develop his love for reading because it shows he would read all that he could Just to read. Alexie also reveals this love through his familys poor situation. When he had extra money, he bought new novels. This creates compassion and devotion because, although his family did not have money, they made sure their education and knowledge came first. Following this Alexie explains how, based on reading, his devotion started to change the way he understood his surroundings. He began seeing paragraphs as fences that held words and that they worked together for a common purpose. He connected that to his own life. For example, he saw his familys house was a paragraph different from the other houses surrounding his. The repetition of paragraph emphasizes that, with everything he saw, he could connect it to what he learned from reading. He then begins to make connections towards the Superman comic book. Although Alexie did not understand what he was reading, he managed to see the context of the comic book through each panel, complete with picture, dialogue, and narrative. Alexie repeats Superman is breaking down the door multiple times and follows this by l am breaking down the door to compare Superman to himself. This suggests that he saw himself in Superman and that he, too, could overcome his battles, such as the Indian stereotypes that label him. The shift allows Alexie to elaborate on how the Native Americans view education and how he broke away from their views. He begins by stating that a smart Indian is a dangerous person, widely feared and ridiculed by Indians and non-lndians alike to signify that Alexie felt he was different from other Indians. He discusses the many stereotypes that were labeled to Indians, such as struggling with basic reading or expecting to fail in the non-lndian world. In this paragraph, he uses the pronoun they multlple tlmes to separate himself from the other Indian classmates. He continues this repetition to categorize his other Indian classmates into one completely separate from himself. In comparison to Superman, Alexie did not want to be seen as one of the Indians and brought down by the low expectations the non- Indian world gave him but the peek of the pronoun we shows that Alexie was, onetheless, still labeled as an Indian. Alexie was stereotypes as an Indian, but he did not allow that to stop him. He fought, similar to Superman, for the chance to break down the barrier he was faced with. Much like that rest of his essay, he continues the use of repetition to emphasize the separation between himself and the other Indians. He uses l to show his separation into his own individuality. He states that l refused to fail. I was smart. I was arrogant. I was lucky to criticize the other Indians but to show that he was able to rise above the expectations of the Non-lndian world. Alexies love for books came from the need and necessity for it in his life, so it became surprising to him when he became a writer himself. He writes novels, short stories, and poems but that was something that Indians were ever taught. Writing was something beyond Indians. It was something not expected of them or certainly not something the Non-lndian world saw they were capable of doing. Alexie then discusses how, although he never had visiting teachers teach him how to write, he tries to visit the schools as often as possible to try and save their lives like Superman. He explains the two types of students he encounters: the ones willing to learn and the ones who sit in the back rows and ignore him. Although the second type fits into the Indian stereotype, Alexie refuses to let that define them. He pushes against their locked doors to show that he is like Superman and is devoted to not letting their stereotypes define them. He is trying to save their lives. In conclusion, Alexies use of repetition and extended metaphors to show transition from a poor Indian boy to a Superman-like hero enables him to successfully emphasize the importance of reading and education in ones life.

Albert Hofmann and the Invention of LSD

Albert Hofmann and the Invention of LSD LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938, by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann in Sandoz Laboratories in Basle, Switzerland. However, it was a few years before Albert Hofmann realized what he had invented. LSD, known as LSD-25 or Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, is a psychoactive hallucinogenic drug. LSD-25 LSD-25 was the twenty-fifth compound developed during Albert Hofmanns study of amides of Lysergic acid, hence the name. LSD is considered a semi-synthetic chemical. The natural component of LSD-25 is lysergic acid, a type of ergot alkaloid that is naturally made by the ergot fungus, though a synthesizing process is necessary to create the drug. LSD was being developed by Sandoz Laboratories as a possible circulatory and respiratory stimulant. Other ergot alkaloids had been studied for medicinal purposes. For example, one ergot was used to induce childbirth. Discovery as a Hallucinogen It was not until 1943 that Albert Hofmann discovered the hallucinogenic properties of LSD. LSD has a chemical structure that is very similar to the neurotransmitter called serotonin. However, it is still not clear what produces all the effects of LSD. According to a Road Junky writer, Albert Hoffman deliberately dosed himself [after a milder accidental dose] with just 25 mg, an amount he didnt imagine would produce any effect. Hoffman got on his bicycle and rode home [from the Lab] and arrived in a state of panic. He felt he was losing his grip on sanity and could only think to ask for milk from the neighbors to counter the poisoning. Albert Hoffman's Trip Albert Hoffman wrote this about his LSD experience, Everything in the room spun around, and the familiar objects and pieces of furniture assumed grotesque, threatening forms. The lady next door, whom I scarcely recognized, brought me milk†¦ She was no longer Mrs. R., but rather a malevolent, insidious witch with a colored mask.† Sandoz Laboratories, the only company to manufacture and sell LSD, first marketed the drug in 1947 under the trade name Delysid. Legal Status It is legal to buy Lysergic acid in the U.S. However, it is illegal to process Lysergic acid into lysergic acid diethylamide, the psychoactive drug LSD.

WAVE AND TIDAL POWER Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WAVE AND TIDAL POWER - Assignment Example tilizing wind energy through on-shore and off-shore wind farms has been one of the rapid growing kinds of renewable energy in the past decade (Avato at al. 56). In order to harness the wave and tidal energy, there is a need for a specific design and manufacture of efficient equipment to exploit natural energy flows. One challenge in the field is the up-front investment which is huge although the fuel may be free and the waste products low. The efficiency of designs put in place is determined by the distance they are placed from shore which could either be shoreline, offshore or near-shore. Planning and permitting are very essential in deploying tidal/wave energy technology because there are issues like environmental, health and safety issues and other sea user disputes. In terms of products, services chains and infrastructure need to be in place to enhance competition and avoid shortages (Elghali, Benbouzid and Charpentier 1407-1412). This implies that the percentage rate of change in carbon dioxide emissions is equal to the rate of change in carbon dioxide emissions per unit energy plus the rate of change in energy essentials per unit output plus the rate of change in output per capital plus the rate of change in the population. For most developing countries, emissions are higher unless energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions per unit energy change to offset growth in per capita output and population. The developing countries with fast growing populations, pressure for economic growth will make it inconvenient to direct capital on investments with maximum greenhouse gas emissions compared to those with lower greenhouse gas emissions (Bruce 27). Population is not considered in policy debates on climate changes, and studies in the past ten years have added significant to comprehending the complexity and mechanisms of population and climate interactions. Moreover, the development total population size, study indicate that changes in population make-up

Metaphysics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Metaphysics - Term Paper Example ics, so everything and object that is used computationally and mathematically in any field whether research, medical, defense, communication, manufacturing industries etc are the outcome of the great science of logics. The details and explanations of Logics are not that alike throughout the history, perhaps the philosophers are constantly engaged in critical argumentations about logical principles and logical views. The ancient logic and the modern formal logic differ in various aspects, logic is perhaps a science and knowledge i.e. is always developing and growing for better. It should be kept in mind that the contemporary logic is the result of many philosophical views that develops time by time and era by era. Hence these philosophical views are not futile and it is worth understanding these views and discussions on logic. The concept of philosophical logic started with the arrival of great philosopher Aristotle and it is the learning of arguments and reasoning. Aristotle’s six main works on logic is named as â€Å"Organon† in the Greek terminology. These were the first formal achievement on the subject of logics throughout the human history. In the modern age, modern logicians have proved falsification of some of Aristotle logical concepts. On the contrary the main focus of Aristotle’s logic was to investigate the working dynamics of inferential systems so as to provide a solution for argumentation. The philosophical perspective of different philosophers regarding the credibility of logic differs excessively. Some philosophers were of the idea that logic is gateway to reality while some other argued on this and they just keep logic to human endeavor for finding a truth, some other explained the gap between logic and reality as the flaw of human limitation, while some explained th is gap understanding as a function that only God’s domain. Logic went through different ages, and several modification and up gradation. Different philosophers contributed in

Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Safety - Essay Example The first step I will consider as a safety professional is to review the firm’s past safety issues. By knowing the weak areas, I can easily identify the precise place to start implementing new safety measures. It is also important that I ensure direct access to the top manager in the manufacturing plant, since lack of management buy-in may make the safety initiatives not long lasting. I should also have access to every work area and department, and must question employees freely for the purpose of information gathering. Regular status report will be prepared so that I can update supervision on current safety proposals and identify areas that should be improved on (Pradeep 8). Record keeping and documentation will help me to give written evidence provided by the new safety program to show positive results and also to protect the firm incase of a safety inquiry or when a lawsuit is filed. I can also include consultants cite testing to determine employee preservation of safety in formation. According to Janicak, (182), a manufacturing plant needs some OSHA regulations applicable to it as not all the regulations apply. To determine the type of regulation, I will first consider the types of products that are being manufactured by this plant. For example, if the company deals with chemicals, then OSHA regulations dealing with chemicals will be applied, while if the plant does not deal with chemicals, then different regulations will be followed. By clearly reading the regulations from the OSHA website, I will use my knowledge that every type of manufacturing plant has some regulations to follow and thus will reform the old ones and update the newest on a regular basis. To be an effective advocate for safety in an organization, I need to stay firmly in charge by letting all the employees know that I am concerned and doing all I can to create a safety environment (Gail 30). Taking my time as their representative by being close to them and being inquisitive on how they are doing will demonstrate good safety leadership. A good safety leader also shares information with the employees immediately they are available and encourage employees to talk freely about their painful experience in the workplace. Exercise 2 Voluntary Protection Programs OSHA created a VPP to recognize industrial firms that show exemplary health and safety programs, exceeding the least requirement put up by the Code of Federal Regulations. As a safety professional, I would advocate that our manufacturing plant strive to be recognized as a VPP star company. This is for the reason that the firm has a responsibility to train workers, watch their health status, and correct issues related to safety. This will ensure that the workplace and the environment are free of any possible risks or require engineering directions to be implemented, that is, use of protective equipment to limit existing and known hazards. It is also important for continual improvement safety and health traini ng and recognizes excellence in the programs offered by the company. Advantages of a company being involved in VPP Some of the advantages of the company being involved in VPP include: reduced employees’ compensation cost, improved motivation for employees to work safely, resulting in better productivity and quality, recognition in the industry and community, and improvement in existing safety and health programs ( Manuele 235). Disadvantages OSHA has set compliance criteria that

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example Internationalization and globalization have made markets competitive and the airline sector in particular, has had to revise its marketing mix to suit the current trends and customer needs. An evaluation of the existing 7Ps of the marketing mix of British Airways (BA) would help develop an integrated one-year marketing strategy. Product: the product in the airline sector is more than just the sectors the airline flies to. It also has to take into account the airports it operates from, the type of seats on offer, the on-board facilities including food and entertainment. In addition, aligning with customer needs is important. BA flies customers at convenient times to the best located airports across the world. They have the best global connectivity and they have a strong presence in the top tier global cities. The target customers of BA include both corporate and the leisure segment. However, with a focus on the business travelers, they want to promote their new sleeper service (Bahnon d, 2004). Nevertheless, they are targeting several segments simultaneously – they are also rethinking the leisure segment Pricing: Pricing also has to take into account consumer psychology, the sectors, the season (as demand in certain sectors are seasonal). However, BA does not believe in cutting costs at the expense of quality (Prokesch, 2000). Even in a cutthroat, mass market there are many would be willing to pay premium price for the services. BA commands premium price as they fill customers’ value driven needs. Place: Place in the airline sector refers to the location from where the passengers can access bookings and avail of the services. BA has done away with intermediaries like the travel agents and the purpose is not merely cost reduction. It enables the airline to collect personal passenger details. Most of their business comes through the internet and very little is derived through telephones or call centres. Through the internet they are pushing services s uch as online check-in, fast bag check, and pre-flight selection (New Media Age, 2004). Through this they target the regular BA travelers and those receptive to new technologies. They have dedicated travel sites for this and the purpose is to communicate the convenience of the web services. This focuses on people who book through the net. Promotion: This includes advertising, sales promotion, direct selling and public relations. Again, this could vary depending upon the season, the sector and competition. BA’s public relations strategy is supported by values and goals. They try to ‘understand customers better than competitors’ which is in line with the communications theory that it is essential to understand the customer and not enough to just listen to the customer (Olorunniwo, Hsu & Udo). To lure the holiday makers they have appointed specialized marketing agency. People: This, in the airline sector would also include the staff that delivers the service. The cu stomer facing staff at BA is passionate about delivering outstanding customer service. To promote organizational values among people they have a â€Å"Owning Our Future† program which every employee throughout the organization has to undergo at some point (Summerfield, 2005). People should understand the business direction, the business environment which would help them understand how the business can be taken forward. Process: This refers to the automation

A study on the tourists feedback on their visit to the Great Wall of Essay

A study on the tourists feedback on their visit to the Great Wall of china - Essay Example It is in this regard that the Great Wall of China is considered one of the best subjects for research and study, particularly in the area of tourism. In recent years, when the tourism industry has started to boom into prominence, The Great Wall of china has recorded one of the most astounding tourists records and is continuously having a grand record even until this modern day. In fact, records show that this tourist spot alone is bringing 5 to 6 million tourists a year, especially during peak seasons. With this number, it is also estimated the Great Wall of China is attracting close to 60,000 visitors a day thereby bringing in 100,000,000RMB a year just for the tickets sale (http://www.chinatour.com/attraction/greatwall.htm, 2006). The result of this paper will be very useful to tourism students for they will be given ample information on the different point of views of tourists - what they like, what they do not like, how they talk and criticize, etc. Knowing such information will be a good tool to prepare the tourism students in facing the real challenges in the world of tourism. Moreover, this paper will also play a pivotal role in China's continuous tourism industry's success. The result of this study will serve as a basis if the tourism policy makers in China are doing a good job in promoting the country and the people's culture or if there is a need to change or enhance some aspects of their tourism policies. Future tourism researchers will also find this paper useful. This will guide them on how to go about with their own research undertaking. In the same manner, this paper will give future researcher ample idea regarding the tourism industry, particularly in China, thus can serve as a basis for comparison between other neighboring countries' tourism industry. Limitations of the Study This paper will focus on the tourists coming in and out of Beijing, China, particularly in its one major tourist spot - The Great Wall of China. Because this will only highlight the tourists' feedback on their tour experience, this paper will only be limited to the survey respondents that will be available at the time of data collection and gathering. Thus, the responses may only be limited to the current situation of Beijing China thereby not considering the significant possible comments and/or experiences on the past years. Hypothesis The Greta wall of china is famous for the tourists not only because of the ancient construction but also because of the hospitality shown by the Chinese. The most interesting part of the tour is the chance to walk in the

Case Analysis - Is there a Hybrid Automobile in your Future Essay

Case Analysis - Is there a Hybrid Automobile in your Future - Essay Example As automobiles cannot be done without in modern life, the natural choice would be to design and build vehicles which could run on some miraculous, alternative, non polluting fuel with minimal or zero emission. Such miraculous discovery, if possible, could kill two birds with one stone. Hybrid cars are a venture in this direction. As it is not possible to build an automobile which could run solely on electric, solar or any other source of power immediately, as it would put tremendous strain on research, development and financial resources, the availability of hybrid cars is a welcome transitory stage into the future. After the successful launch of the Prius model by Toyota, many other automobile giants have leapt into the fray of manufacturing hybrid cars for the future. To be successful in the market, a hybrid car has to appeal to the general public in terms of cost of ownership as well as performance. 2. Key Problems To be successful in the market, a hybrid car has to appeal to the general public in terms of cost of ownership as well as performance. 2. Key Problems To be successful in the market, a hybrid car has to appeal to the general public in terms of cost of ownership as well as performance. As evident from previous research, only people with education and annual income in the range of $ 100,000 have bought hybrid vehicles available in the market at present, as they come at a premium. People with lower incomes and low education level have to contend with cheaper gasoline models as it is beyond their pocketbooks to buy hybrid cars, as well as fully comprehend the advantages of owning one. The key problems are therefore increasing the awareness about the benefits of a hybrid model, and putting a cheap hybrid model within their financial access and range. Rising fuel prices will automatically force people to seek cheaper alternatives and it is a good marketing strategy for the future to design a car to fulfill this need. 3. Possible Solutions Solutions to t he problem are already in place as awareness about the greenhouse effect has been boosted by the efforts of governments and international bodies. It is also becoming more difficult day by day to own and maintain traditional gasoline guzzling giant cars. Smaller fuel efficient models are more marketable as well as affordable for the end users. However, government efforts to divert the public to use public transportation as an alternative have proved futile as people feel the need for independent control of their movement (Doll, 2008). Already the sales figures for hybrid models are increasing steadily in the US. In the year 2006, a total of 262,000 hybrid cars, primarily the Toyota Prius and other models from the company were sold nationwide (Doll, 2008). Companies like Honda, GM, Ford and Lexus soon came up with their own hybrid models in the market. Toyota, which overtook General Motors as the world’s largest automobile company however has experienced some hiccups since then . One problem it faced was the recall of some of its models due to faulty design and a patent lawsuit against its hybrid cars by a Florida based company, Paice LLC (Web, 2009). Such obstacles need to be sorted out between competing manufacturers in the greater interest of fuel efficiency and a healthy environment for the present and future generations. Innovations are already underway for developing fuel cells to power electric vehicles which cause the least pollution and are more energy

A study on the tourists feedback on their visit to the Great Wall of Essay

A study on the tourists feedback on their visit to the Great Wall of china - Essay Example It is in this regard that the Great Wall of China is considered one of the best subjects for research and study, particularly in the area of tourism. In recent years, when the tourism industry has started to boom into prominence, The Great Wall of china has recorded one of the most astounding tourists records and is continuously having a grand record even until this modern day. In fact, records show that this tourist spot alone is bringing 5 to 6 million tourists a year, especially during peak seasons. With this number, it is also estimated the Great Wall of China is attracting close to 60,000 visitors a day thereby bringing in 100,000,000RMB a year just for the tickets sale (http://www.chinatour.com/attraction/greatwall.htm, 2006). The result of this paper will be very useful to tourism students for they will be given ample information on the different point of views of tourists - what they like, what they do not like, how they talk and criticize, etc. Knowing such information will be a good tool to prepare the tourism students in facing the real challenges in the world of tourism. Moreover, this paper will also play a pivotal role in China's continuous tourism industry's success. The result of this study will serve as a basis if the tourism policy makers in China are doing a good job in promoting the country and the people's culture or if there is a need to change or enhance some aspects of their tourism policies. Future tourism researchers will also find this paper useful. This will guide them on how to go about with their own research undertaking. In the same manner, this paper will give future researcher ample idea regarding the tourism industry, particularly in China, thus can serve as a basis for comparison between other neighboring countries' tourism industry. Limitations of the Study This paper will focus on the tourists coming in and out of Beijing, China, particularly in its one major tourist spot - The Great Wall of China. Because this will only highlight the tourists' feedback on their tour experience, this paper will only be limited to the survey respondents that will be available at the time of data collection and gathering. Thus, the responses may only be limited to the current situation of Beijing China thereby not considering the significant possible comments and/or experiences on the past years. Hypothesis The Greta wall of china is famous for the tourists not only because of the ancient construction but also because of the hospitality shown by the Chinese. The most interesting part of the tour is the chance to walk in the

The Madding crowd Essay Example for Free

The Madding crowd Essay Although he appears reserved, Bathshebas maid Liddy warns her mistress that the insincere Valentine will worry him to death. Perhaps this is because it is common knowledge that a distant relative of Boldwoods went mad and subsequently Boldwood cannot take things lightly. Boldwood has no real passionate feelings for Bathsheba before she sends him the Valentine, but when he receives the declaration of Bathshebas love, it sparks off the beginning of an intense obsession. Boldwood struggles to cope with the extreme emotions that sweep over him; his sheltered childhood in a society where different sexes were kept apart, means he is completely unprepared to deal with his obsession logically. He describes his feelings towards Bathsheba as being as strong as death. He neglects his farm, which had once been his priority and does not appear to be affected by the money he is loosing and the staff he will have to dismiss. Boldwood sees Troys death as an opportunity to have Bathsheba for himself. He plays on her guilt by reminding her of how she had led him on, and pressures her into promising to marry him six years after Troys death. When Troy reappears to everyones astonishment, Boldwood cannot handle the shock and is dismayed at the thought of loosing Bathsheba once more. Acting out of desperation, Boldwood kills Troy and attempts suicide. He is sentenced to life imprisonment and left unbalanced, in despair and completely dysfunctional. Although his obsession drove him to kill another man, Boldwood is the victim who suffers the most from an obsession that has ruined his life. Comparable to Bathsheba, Sergeant Francis Troys main obsession is with himself. His callus and egotistical nature make him constantly determined to get his own way. Yet he is often not content when he gets what he is after and it seldom takes him long to set his mind towards striving for something else. However, this can sometimes lead to the beginning of another obsession. His pride causes him to overreact when Fanny confuses the church where the couple are supposed to be married. This is purely because of the humiliation she has caused him. Whereas most people would forgive someone easily for such an innocent mistake, Troy is so offended and shamed that he cannot bear to risk his reputation once more, even if it is for someone he loves. He turns his attention to Bathsheba as he thinks it is unlikely she will publicly humiliate him. The full extent of his shallow nature is revealed when Troy is married to Bathsheba but treats some of his servants with more respect than her. He abandons Bathsheba under the false pretence of drowning without taking her feelings into consideration and then returns to the farm oblivious of the pain he has caused. If he had not left Bathsheba for so long and been so untruthful towards her, it is unlikely Boldwood would have reacted in the way he did and Troy would probably have survived. Fanny Robin is a relatively minor character in the novel, however she is involved in a complex subplot involving Troy. She was deeply in love with him to the point of obsession. In spite of the mistake she made in confusing the church where she and Troy were due to be wed, Fanny was determined to be with Troy. She arranged to meet him once more in a place of his choice, far away and difficult for Fanny to reach. She attempted the lengthy journey on foot but eventually her steps became feebler and it was clearly impossible for her to reach her goal. Her resolution to be with Troy was indubitably strong but the exhaustion and fatigue she felt was ultimately stronger. Willing and ready to be with Troy even if it killed her, a few of Fannys last words were, If I could only get there! Perhaps I shall be in my grave before then. Tragically, the next time Troy set eyes on Fanny she was, indeed, in her coffin. Therefore it is fair to say that obsession killed Fanny Robin. An obsession can take over a persons every waking thought; it can drive them and people around them to despair and can even cause them to kill another or themselves by simply trying to fulfil that obsession. These things happened in varying degrees of seriousness to every character in Far From the Madding Crowd which therefore suggests obsession is a key feature of the Novel. The variety of obsessions in the novel highlights the many different forms in which people can be obsessed.

Analysing The Effects Of Overpopulation In Developing Countries Politics Essay

Analysing The Effects Of Overpopulation In Developing Countries Politics Essay Over population has been identified as one of the major reasons for the poverty that thrives in many developing countries including India, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia amongst others. These countries have high birth rates with inadequate resources to support their growing populace. To some extent they would be a living justification of Thomas Malthus statement that the power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man. In this essay, I seek to give an in depth explanation of Malthus principles on population growth and food production and further draw up the relationship between these principles and some of the developing countries of the 21th century. The underlying basis for Malthus principle is that population, when unchecked, increased in a geometrical ratio, and subsistence for man in an arithmetical ratio   [i]  in lay mans terms this would mean that human beings become double their number in a particular period while food production only increases a unit more in that same period. The law of diminishing returns would support his claim, in that as more of a variable factor, which is labour, is employed on a fixed factor, which is land, total production increases to a point and then starts to decrease.  [ii]  He insinuates that if this occurs for a long period of time, there will be many people chasing fewer goods and this will cause prices of goods to increase unduly. Further, the supply of labour will exceed its demand as more people are fighting for few jobs on the market, as such wage rates decrease to a large extent. In these cases the lower classes always suffer most. According to Malthus, even if we assume that diminishing returns never sets in and the land produces the same amount of output year after year, man would still have to face this dreadful phenomena. He believes that though humans hold the power to reason, it is still inherent in their nature to reproduce constantly. However, according to him misery is the check that represses the superior power of population and keeps its effects equal to the means of subsistence.  [iii]  The Malthusian theory holds that there are natural checks on overpopulation. Some are natural causes like miscarriages, earthquakes and famine while others include vice and are due to mans struggle for survival. The latter is quite similar to Charles Darwins theory on the survival of the fittest.  [iv]   In a bid to stay alive human beings resort to wars of conquest and expansion, killing many others in the process .Malthus conclusive belief was that if population growth was not checked there would soon be a sort of world famine, where a huge percentage of the worlds population would have no food to eat. Thus man should minimize reproduction through means such as abstaining from sex. Today, Malthus has been criticized by many for putting forth a theory which has been proven wrong. This is because although the population of the world was about 6,790,062,216 in the year 2009  [v]  , a fair number of countries are still able to cater for themselves. Countries like the United Sates are facing the health hazard of obesity resulting from having too much food to eat.  [vi]  However, for others, this is not so. Malthus predictions of a population boom in relation to food availability is especially proven in the case third world countries, most of which appear to be producing food at a subsistence level. They have not adopted mechanized methods of farming and produce on a very small scale. The farmers who represent a large portion of the the populace in these countries are very poor and consequently produce low yields.  [vii]  This would explain why they cannot produce food for themselves, and have to import large amounts of foreign goods into their lands. The reasons for the adaptation of these systems of agriculture vary in different countries. Under President Mugabes government, Zimbabwe has a poor land tenure system where the government, instead of farmers owns the land on which they farm on. This makes it difficult for farmers to expand their farm lands and. Poverty also rules supreme among the indigenous population, poor farmers therefore have to turn to subsistence farming,  [vi ii]  i.e. farming to feed themselves their families and probably leave a few crops to barter with other famers and a little to sow during the following planting season. Due the fact that, production is not stable coupled with the land tenure system i.e. (lands in Zimbabwe are owned solely by the government); banks in Zimbabwe are reluctant to give out loans out to farmers  [ix]  . The problem with Africas subsistence farming culture has to do with irrigation and funding  [x]  . The issue of irrigation has to do with the climate of Africa. Africa has two main seasons. The rainy season and the dry season. These two seasons are annual. Therefore farmers predicting the weather cultivate their lands in the late dry season and wait for the rainy season to irrigate their crops. Now, most at times the rains starts unevenly i.e. it doesnt always start on time. Some farmers therefore lose their full crop yield. Others lose their harvests completely. Generally, there is no artificial irrigation in most developing communities. Countries like Ethiopia, which have huge geographic desert patches have an even worse problem of having little arable land  [xi]  . This situation is a climatic situation, a natural phenomenon. Fertility rates definitely continue to rise, causing an increasing growth to the population; most developing countries produce more mouths than they can feed. The Alan Guttmacher Institute in the United States conducted a research which proved that countries which provided free or cheap contraceptive services at cheap rates or without charge, tended to have lower birth rates. They also realized that instances of teenage pregnancy were less among countries who engaged in early sex education of their children  [xii]  . The population of Ethiopia for instance, increased from 12 million in 1900 to 73 million in 2005.  [xiii]  Obviously, a lot of people in developing countries remain ignorant of the negative implications of overpopulation to a nation and the few that know disregard this notion. Some believe children are a blessing from God, and will reject any ideology that prevents them from procreating. In some African countries for instance, a mans status is heightened by the n umber of children, especially males, he can produce. . Though these measures are not as extreme as abstaining from sex and other measures Malthus puts forward for reducing population growth, Governments some developing countries, like Ghana, have tried to introduce policies to check this such as Family planning and sex education  [xiv]  . One of the checks on population according to the Malthusian principles is miscarriages. However due to improved healthcare systems this is greatly curbed in a lot of developing nations and does not restrict population expansion. Developing countries have had a high price to pay for the amalgamation of increase population growth and low agricultural production. Just as Malthus predicted, there is a synonymous increase in the unemployed population, eventually creating rising inflation. The compiled inflation rate, for instance in Zimbabwe, between 1997 and 2007 was 38%  [xv]  .This further creates a high standard of living, because there are many people fighting to survive on fewer goods. Subsequently, the employment rates start to decrease alarmingly. This is due to the fact that there are more people offering their services for fewer jobs. Not everyone can be employed. Also wage rates are reduced and for the same number of working hours, employees are paid a lot less. Hence the need for governments to introduce a minimum wage i.e. the lowest possible wage an employee can be paid  [xvi]  . However, in some cases, because the people are desperate for jobs, they are willing to be cheated by employers, j ust to hold on to a lifeline of survival. Obviously, should the population in Zimbabwe continue to increase to relatively high figures, coupled with the present unemployment figures, of food shortages will occur. The trend that Zimbabwe faces is similar to what many developing countries face. Malthus theory is therefore a definite blue print for a third world economy The Director- General of FAO predicted in 1987, that the year 2010 would see an improvement in agriculture; he however stated that it would have little effect on places like sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. He thus urged the world to brace itself to come to the aid of these countries when necessary.  [xvii]  It may be argued that countries like China have an even greater population and yet do not face food shortages, but the difference is clear. The Chinese are a highly industrious people. Their governments interests are channeled toward industrialization and infrastructure development. Most of their farmers are paddy rice farmers  [xviii]  , who have the advantage of farming in two advantages areas, the water logged lowland paddies and the hillside highland ridges  [xix]  . The Chinese also have the advantage of being in a temperate climatic zone, enjoying four seasons winter which is useless to farmers, spring, summer and autumn which are farming friendly  [xx]   . Artificial irrigation measures are also available in certain areas, i.e. both mechanical and locally improvised. The mechanized farming used by Chinese farmers irrefutably makes them more productive. The Chinese government in their own way has discovered the practicality of Malthus theory i.e. the possibility of overpopulation causing food shortages. In their bid to curb this problem, they have issued legislative laws that, limit child birth to one child per family  [xxi]  . Elaborating on this conclusion, it can be realized that Malthus theory works very well in third world where lack of mechanization and funding creates deficiencies in farming. Countries like China, however, due to mechanization, climatic conditions and artificial irrigation structures enable their farmers to meet the countrys food production needs. Developing countries should follow this example to emerge from the poverty that is gradually sucking them in. Improved farming techniques as well as reduced birth rates are the way forward for the developing world.

Critique of Weltys A Worn Path Essay -- Eudora Welty, Essays on A Wor

â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty, is the tale of an elderly black woman who shows an enormous amount of determination when it comes to helping her unceasingly ill grandson. Phoenix Jackson is the main character in Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path.† Throughout the story, Miss Phoenix Jackson travels the same path every day overcoming whatever obstacles she encounters as she strives along the path in the contribution of her grandson’s health, for he is whom Phoenix habitually travels this â€Å"worn path.† Furthermore, the story must be noted for its simplicity, and vast metaphoric symbolism. Welty uses the path and its obstacles as a form of inspirational aura, one could even say the path is a mirrored image of the difficulties one endures throughout life’s frightening journey. The obstacles are intended to portray the barriers, the risks, and the setbacks one may encounter from day to day life. Moving onward, one could easily compare â€Å"A Worn Path† to the life of the average person, and in-turn, the obstacles that individual must overcome in order to provide for his or her loved ones. For example, every individual follows the same routine daily in the conquest of life’s necessities and in the pursuit of happiness, just as Phoenix follows her ritual path day after day. Still, despite the prior verity that everyone travels down a habitual path nearly every day, this however, does not constitute the notion that the individual will encounter the exact same c ircumstances and obstacles daily. While some obstacles are there to stay, others may come and go allowing the individual to learn from his or her past experiences. What’s more is that one never knows what to expect from day to day life. Despite the element of surprise, on the other hand ... ...s, Phoenix isn’t a charity case at all, for she is far from this epitome. Phoenix accomplishes more in one day than most individuals could ever even dream of. â€Å"A Worn Path,† is an inspirational tale of the journey of an elderly woman who goes by the name of Phoenix Jackson. Miss Phoenix Jackson inspires all of us that we can endure and overcome life’s difficulties. In the story, Phoenix shows that with an immense amount of hope, sheer determination, and inexhaustible exertion, that anyone despite their physical and mental attributes can overcome and endure whatever obstacles are positioned in their way. Work Cited Welty, Eudora. â€Å"A Worn Path.† 1941. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts, Ed. Henry E. Jacobs. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc., 2006. 110-15.

Essay --

1) Short Introduction The wine sector has a long history that dates back to early human history, when fruit juices accidentally fermented, leaving behind a pleasant drink for people to enjoy to the present. Wine is a mark of cultural heritage; it is an ancient and celebrated drink; it is an international symbol of festivity. About 6000 BC, the first trade took place between the Ancient Armenia and Babylon. With the social and technology development, wine sector not only develop more precise control of the brewing process, but also develop a variety of new brewing methods. In the modern era, wine spread from Europe to the New World along with the conquistadores and colonists of the 16th and 17thcenturies, so they are divided into the Old World and the New World, the New World stands for the US, Australia, New Zealand, Chile and Argentina, the Old World represents France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal and other countries. The Old World stands for traditional and history, while the New World implies tec hnology and marketing. The New World has very few restrictions, producers are free to plant whatever grape varieties they want and make the wine however they deem appropriate. On the contrary, the Old World has to follow a detailed set of rules that govern what can be planted, density of planting, training and pruning methods, and so on. With the increase of competitive, there is a need for it to adapt to new conditions and market demands to stay profitable and continue its success. As far as regional origins are concerned, the French vineyard can be classified into 14 main wine- producing regions, which are, as ranked in terms of quantitative and qualitative importance: the Bordeaux, Burgundy, Beaujolais, Champagne, Alsace, Jura... ...gional wine producers were traditionally specialized in table wine, characterized by a relatively low quality and brand power, which created additional barriers to successful strategic differentiation and market re-positioning. 6. Languedoc Roussillon is not well known like Bordeaux and Burgundy, so it needs to let world to be familiar with it and improve promotion. 7. Lack of knowledge and skills. Many small wine producers were organized as traditional family firms, with exclusive agricultural and production expertise passed down from one generation to the next. In the past, the relatively constant level of demand did not require specific commercial or marketing skills to sell the produced wine. Therefore, many producers lacked the necessary expertise to understand the long-term consequences of the market failure, and the capacity to take decisive strategic action.

A Prime Example of Authoritative Parenting Essay

Parental styles have a well-documented influence on children, and play a strong role in a child’s development. Authoritative parenting has been proven to potentially reduce a child’s risk of associating with antisocial peers, and deter engagement in delinquent behavior. Authoritative parenting has also been shown to raise adults that have healthy emotional adjustment and prosocial behavior. My parents used an authoritative parenting style that created a stable, engaging, warm and nurturing childhood for me. I plan on being an authoritative parent. It worked well in my family, and because research both contemporary and historically states that authoritative parenting is the preferable style. My family is an American nuclear family composed of a father, mother and two siblings. My father Jim is a very successful architect and entrepreneur and my mother Michele is the CFO of their businesses, which allowed her to be a stay at home mother for me and my older brother Kristopher. My parents are a solid example of the authoritative parenting style; their parenting style created a stable, engaging, warm and nurturing childhood for me. I believe the productive and effective business relationship they developed as business partners directly influenced how well they parented, and that their experience in joint decision making especially benefited their parenting, and ultimately me as well. Throughout my childhood and adolescence they were a solid authoritative parenting team, which helped them create a home with a lot of structure. Minuchin, as quoted by Omer, Steinmetz, Carthy and Schlippe (2013), says â€Å"Structure plays a crucial role in promoting a stable and secure frame for family life (Minuchin, 1974).† I strongly feel that the structure positively affected my development by minimizing conflict and confusion. I believe my parent’s personalities also greatly influenced why and how they are authoritative parents. My mother is intelligent, articulate, willful, persistent, ethical, logical, and astonishingly organized. My mother has a dominate personality, and is a woman whose actions are generally the result of reason not her emotions, which is rare for women. However, she is an incredibly warm and nurturing mother who has always been emotionally available for me. I feel these positive traits influenced why I generally listened to her advice and direction, as she was a reliable and available mother. I have always immensely respected and loved

Programming languages and the real world Essay

Programming language are the sets of instruction which are used to create computer programs and software. This language also instructs the hardware what to do and respond to when there’s an action from the operator. Programming language can be classified as follow; applicative programming language, declarative programming language, domain specific programming language, object oriented programming languages, first-fifth generation programming languages, high and low level programming language. JAVA Is a programming language developed by the SUN Microsystems. It was formerly called OAK which was designed for handheld devices. OAK failed in 1995 so the company had to change it name to JAVA. They then modified the programming language to take the full exploration of the World Wide Web. It’s an object oriented programming language. It is similar to C++ but much simpler in that it was designed to eliminate all errors due to programming. It source code file are those with â€Å".java â€Å"extension. This is compiled into a format known as byte code. Byte codes are with a â€Å".class† which is interpreted by an interpreter. The interpreters are Java Machines which exist in most OS. Java programming language is general purpose utility with several features that makes it suitable for the web. Small form of Java applications are called applets and this can be downloaded from web server and then run on any Java enabled Web browser. The most important uses of JAVA are; World Wide Web applets, cross platforms application development, other networks application. Objects; in java programming language class object is usually refer to as the root of class hierarchy, i.e. each class has object as a super class and all the object will implement the method in the class. This is important in understanding the object oriented technology. The objects are like the objects in the real world simply because the have both state and behavior. Objects in Java stores its states in form of field and expresses its behavior in form of methods hence java applications are use to model real world experiences. â€Å"Methods operate on an object’s internal state and serve as the primary mechanism for object-to-object communication. Hiding internal state and requiring all interaction to be performed through an object’s methods is known as data encapsulation — a fundamental principle of object-oriented programming†. (Sun Microsystems, 2008). Class; it’s a model from which the objects are made. The class models the state and behavior of a real world object. So in programming with java an object is said to be â€Å"an instance of a class† Inheritance; it provide a strong and natural means for coordinating and organizing the software. This is a method in which a class is opportune to share some features with other classes. Java programming also allows each class to a direct super class and the super class with the potential of an unlimited number of subclass. Interfaces; this is the method in which the classes exposed to interact with the outside world. This can be compared to the ‘’on button† of a computer set and the electrical circuits within the CPU. Simply because the button can be use to on or off the computer but in java, interface is related to an empty body. Packages; this is a names space that arrange a set of related classes and interfaces. Its helps organize the classes and interfaces into the same packages. Application program interface is a type of packages which contains the classes that are normally associated with general purpose programming. Pointers; The pointer in Java are actually a local variable pointer which points to pointee (what the pointer points to) object of some class. â€Å"Refer to concluding aspect for a note on pointers† C + + This is an object oriented programming language. It’s an extension or advancement to the C language. C programming language was created (1969-1973) at the Bells; this was in conjunction with the development of the Unix O.S.   The C language was a descendant of the B language. After the creation of the C language the computer world was filled with various version of the language, as a result of this a committee was established by ANSI in 1989 to create a standard for the C language. C+ language enables programmers to improve the quality of the code they produces and this helps other programmers to be able to reuse the codes. Objects; this sometimes refer to as black boxes is know to be a part of the language that can do so many things with the ability to integrate different part of the language together. It takes in some values and then gives some output. The objects helps model the real world and helps produce a complex and functional application. Its also be view as what help keeps track of the members data and actions. Instance; it differ from the object in that the object serves as a template for the instances of that object. Instance can be manipulated. Instance can be made up of information of the members but it lacks value of their functions. All the instance of an object performs the same steps when carrying out a member function; this can be influenced by the instances’ current member data. Variables; where information is stored. It’s a method of getting at someone’s computer memory. This changes over time and new information tends to replace the old ones. Pointer; unlike the Java programming that lack pointer, the C + + has pointer as an attribute. This is generally considered as a mode of getting to another object. It s simply a mode of grabbing an instance of an object and then transfer message to the instance or retrieve some information from the object. It also said to be an address of the location of an instance in the memory. Pointers and application Pointer and pointees;   a pointer this simply refers to a reference to stored information and pointee refers to what the pointer points to. Allocation of the pointer and pointee is clear two different procedure. Another term known as dereferencing operation starts at the pointer and follows it’s down to the pointee. It main objective is to ensure the constant state of the pointee or to see to the change of the pointee. It only works when a pointer has a pointee and it’s noted that one of the common errors in runtime is seen when there is failed dereference operation. In Java this can be noticed without major problems unlike other programs where runtime system will crash.

Before the Great War the position of women in society depended on birth, class, marriage, and men

Women had to live up to an ideal created by men. This meant women had to appear less intelligent than their husbands, women had to be well mannered, and modest in behaviour and speech. Women from richer middle and upper class families had servants to look after their homes and weren't expected to work. Upper class women were brought up and educated to be a dutiful wife. Lower class women had to look after their husband, manage everything in the house as well as finance, be utterly faithful to her husband and willingly manage a large family Some women did go to work; in 1901 55% of single women and 14% of married women were at work. In 1914 the largest employer of women was the Domestic Service with 1,600,000 this is because the Domestic Service was regarded as better than working in factories. About 656,000 women worked in the factories of the textile industry – especially the cotton mills of northern England. Lots of women were in work but many of them hardly made enough money to live on. Married working class women faced a lot of problems. Families were large: 71% of women had four or more children and 41% had seven or more. Many women however lost children to diseases like Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria, and Tubercular. Children died because they didn't have any health care and doctors were expensive and hard to find. Poverty, bad housing and child bearing affected the health of working class women probably because they put the health of their husbands first as they had to be at work to earn money. Lots of women wanted the vote before the Great War. Suffragists wanted the vote and played by the law where as Suffragettes were more militant. The Suffragettes committed many acts of violence such as destruction of property and arson. Lots of people were against giving women the right to vote, even queen Victoria was. This meant women's suffrage had to gain support, so they continued with their marches and put posters up to try to gain support. The government passed a cat and mouse act which allowed Suffragettes to be released when they became ill because of their hunger strike and as soon as they were better again they were arrested and sent back to prison to finish their sentence. The outbreak of the First World War brought an end to the Suffragettes campaign.

Criminal Justice Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Criminal Justice Management - Research Paper Example There are disturbing issues of police’s inefficiency and brutality: how could these areas of the police system be transformed? What are the ethical considerations the police must follow so as to create a dynamic environment for their operations? How can the police improve their service delivery through the formulation and implementation of good policies? It is important that all the issues raised above must be strictly considered before the police could successfully carry out their duties as a criminal justice organization. However, there are different organizational models in practice; which one would be the most applicable for the police system? And how would the criminal justice system react to the implementation of a possibly new management process? This paper critically looks at the significant points outlined in the foregoing with a view to finding the appropriate management system that would make the police become a viable arm of the general criminal justice system. The contemporary management processes in the police are evident in the three major procedures used by this criminal justice organization. Traditional techniques of supervision, leadership and management are still much in place at most police organizations worldwide. These three elements of police management have been instrumental to the current level of success in policing as the prevalence of crime has been drastically reduced in recent years (Iannone and Iannone, 2000). (i) Supervision of the police officers: Undertaking supervisory actions on the activities of the police personnel has been deemed an active procedure to keep the police force on its feet and ensure efficient performance of the police officers (Iannone and Iannone, 2000). The purposes of maintaining constant supervision of the police personnel include but not limited to (i) making sure that they are persistently reminded of their duties as security operatives, protecting the lives of people in the society; (ii)